Infection correct answers colonization of the body by a microorganism
Disease correct answers any change from the general state of good health; not all disease is due to infection and infection does not always cause disease
Sign correct answers Objective evidence of disease (rash, fever)
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Infection correct answers colonization of the body by a microorganism
Disease correct answers any change from the general state of good health; not all disease is due
to infection and infection does not always cause disease
Sign correct answers Objective evidence of disease (rash, fever)
Symptom correct answers Subjective evidence of disease (pain, headache)
Mutualism correct answers benefits both organisms
Commensalism correct answers One population benefits, the other is neither benefit nor harmed
Antagonism (parasitism) correct answers the relationship is beneficial to one organism and
harmful to the other
Pathogenicity correct answers the ability to enter host tissues and cause disease
Virulence correct answers the degree of pathogenicity of a parasite
Avirulent correct answers Microorganisms that do not cause disease
Attenuated correct answers Vaccine strains; A virus that has been weakened and can no longer
cause infection.
Opportunistic correct answers Microorganisms that colonize the host but may or may not cause
disease depending on other factors use disease depending on other factors
Virulence Factors correct answers attributes or strategies that continue to virulence; Adhesins,
Invasins, Evasins, Toxins
Adhesins correct answers enable parasites to attach to host cell or tissue
Invasins correct answers enable parasites to enter and/or move through host cells or tissues
Evasins correct answers enable parasites to escape from host defenses
Toxins correct answers enable parasites to damage host cells
If a microorganism is the causative (etiologic) agent of an infectious disease, it must be:
1. Present in every case of the disease, but absent from the healthy host
2. Isolated and grown in pure culture
3. Able to Cause the disease when a pure culture is inoculated into a healthy host
, 4. Re-isolated from the host that was inoculated with the pure culture correct answers Koch's
Postulates
Epidemiology correct answers study of the occurrence of disease in a human population,
especially the cause (etiology) and transmission of disease
Prevalence correct answers the proportion (or percentage) of diseased individuals in a population
at one time
Incidence correct answers the number of diseased individuals in a population at one time
Epidemic correct answers literally, "upon the people"; commonly refers to an unusually high
incidence of a disease in a community (population) at one time
Endemic correct answers literally, "in the people"; a disease is constantly present, usually at low
incidence, in a population
Pandemic correct answers literally, "all the people"; indicates an epidemic involving more than
one continent or a worldwide epidemic
Reservoir correct answers a site in which infectious agents remain viable (alive) and from which
infection of individuals may occur; a continuing source of disease which may be human, animal,
water or soil
Carrier correct answers an infected individual which is not showing obvious signs or symptoms
of clinical disease, but which is shedding the etiologic agent for a long period of time (months)
Zoonoses correct answers diseases which occur primarily in animals but are occasionally
transmitted to people (plague, Lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever)
Vector correct answers living agent which transmits infectious agent (ticks, fleas, flies
mosquitoes)
Fomite correct answers non-living object that transmits infectious agents (pencil, doorknob,
handkerchief); ones such as food or water are called vehicles
Communicable Disease correct answers a disease that is transmissible among hosts; a contagious
disease is one that passes among hosts with particular ease (e.g. chickenpox, measles, genital
herpes)
Noncommunicable disease correct answers acquired directly from environment, not easily
transmitted to next host (e.g. tetanus spores)
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