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Major Field Test Questions with All Correct Answers Newest Update (Already Graded A+)

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major field test questions with all correct answer

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Major Field Test Questions with All
Correct Answers Newest Update
(Already Graded A+)
An abstraction, an idealized pattern of an object or idea that is stored in memory and
used to decide whether similar objects or ideas are members of the same class of items
- Answer ✔ Prototype

The behavior of individuals when confronted with a situation or task that requires insight
or determination of some unknown elements - Answer ✔ Problem solving

A procedure for solving a problem by implementing a set of rules over and over again
until the solution is found - Answer ✔ Algorithm

Sets of strategies that serve as flexible guidelines for discovery oriented problem
solving - Answer ✔ Heuristics

Heuristic procedure in which a problem is broken down into smaller steps, each of
which has a sub-goal - Answer ✔ Subgoal analysis

Heuristic procedure in which the problem solver compares the current situation or
position with a desired goal to determine the most efficient way to get from one to the
other - Answer ✔ Means-end analysis

Heuristic procedure in which a problem solver works back from the goal to the current
position, in order to analyze the problem and reduce the steps needed to get to the goal
- Answer ✔ Backward search

The inability to see that an object can have a function other than its stated or usual one
- Answer ✔ Functional fixedness

Limited ways of thinking about possibilities and a tendency to approach situations the
same way because that way worked in the past - Answer ✔ Mental set

The ability to generate or recognize high-quality ideas that are original, novel, and
appropriate, along with the tendency to do so - Answer ✔ Creativity

,In problem solving, the process of narrowing down choices and alternatives to arrive at
a suitable solution - Answer ✔ Convergent thinking

In problem solving, the process of widening the range of possibilities and expanding the
options for solutions - Answer ✔ Divergent thinking

A problem-solving technique that involves considering all possible solutions without any
initial judgements about the worth of those solutions - Answer ✔ Brainstorming

The purposeful process by which a person generates logical and coherent ideas,
evaluates situations, and reaches conclusions - Answer ✔ Reasoning

The system of principles of reasoning that is used to reach valid conclusions or make
inferences - Answer ✔ Logic

Assessing and choosing among alternatives - Answer ✔ Decision making

The belief that the chances of an events occurring increase if the event has not recently
occurred - Answer ✔ Gambler's fallacy

The willingness to draw conclusions from a small sample and to assume that such a
sample is representative - Answer ✔ Belief in small numbers

The tendency to judge the probability of an event by how easy it s to think of examples
of it - Answer ✔ Availability heuristic

The tendency of individuals who are highly committed to their ideas and beliefs,
especially political ones, to be certain than correct and, when challenged, to become
even more rigid and inflexible - Answer ✔ Overconfidence phenomenon

The tendency of people to discount information that does not fit with their pre-existing
views - Answer ✔ Confirmation bias

People's tendency, once they have decided to believe something, to keep on accepting
it as true, even in the face of conflicting data - Answer ✔ Belief perseverance

A structure in our mind, such as an idea or image, that stands for something else -
Answer ✔ mental representation

The branch of computer science concerned with making a device or machine (a
computer) behave like a human being, especially in reasoning abilities - Answer ✔
Artificial Intelligence

,A model of human memory that purposes that information is processed and stored in
three stages, moving in a sequential manner from one stage to the next - Answer ✔
Information-processing approach

Mediates and organizes information from various brain locations - Answer ✔
convergence zone

the idea that many operations take place simultaneously and at many locations within
the brain - Answer ✔ parallel distributed processing

the study of how the social context in which words are used affects their meaning -
Answer ✔ Pragmatics

A system of symbols, usually words, that convey meaning, along with a set of rules for
combining the symbols to generate an infinite number of messages, usually sentences -
Answer ✔ language

Behavior and attitudes that incorporate qualities traditionally considered masculine as
well as those traditionally considered feminine - Answer ✔ Androgyny

John Watson is to Edward Titchener as ________ is to ________. - Answer ✔
observable behavior; inner sensations

The fact that many happy and well-adjusted adults were once rebellious and unhappy
as adolescents is most relevant to the issue of: - Answer ✔ stability or change

You come home one night to find a burglar in your house. Your heart starts racing and
you begin to perspire. These physical reactions are triggered by the: - Answer ✔
sympathetic nervous system

Repeatedly washing your hands is to ________ as repeatedly thinking about your own
death is to ________ - Answer ✔ compulsion; obsession

After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going
home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most
adverse effect on his ability to remember: - Answer ✔ the next day the names of the
people he talked to and what he said while drinking

Experts who defend intelligence tests against the charge of being culturally biased and
discriminatory would be most likely to highlight the ________ of intelligence tests. -
Answer ✔ predictive validity

Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single
test in order to measure the ________ of a test. - Answer ✔ reliability

, Environmental influences on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing
________ with ________. - Answer ✔ identical twins raised together; identical twins
raised apart

The written exam for a driver's license would most likely be considered a(n) ________
test. - Answer ✔ achievement

The sequence of brain regions from oldest to newest is: - Answer ✔ brain stem; limbic
system; cerebral cortex

On some college football teams, players are rewarded for outstanding performance with
a gold star on their helmets. This practice best illustrates the use of: - Answer ✔
incentives

Professor Pegler's research efforts focus on how the use of heuristics influences
people's assessments of financial risks. Which specialty area does his research best
represent? - Answer ✔ cognitive psychology

If your __________ is destroyed, the left side of your brain could not control the
movements of your right hand. - Answer ✔ corpus callosum

Four-year-old Della asks her mother for a special treat every time they go to the grocery
store. Although at one time her mother granted every request, she now does so less
consistently. Research suggests that Della will: - Answer ✔ soon give up asking for a
treat entirely

Research on obesity and weight control indicates that: - Answer ✔ no matter how
carefully people diet, they can never lose fat cells.

As an aid to memorizing lengthy speeches, ancient Greek orators would visualize
themselves moving through familiar locations. They were making use of: - Answer ✔
implicit memory

Logan is an unsuccessful businessman who feels little satisfaction with life. In order to
increase his subjective well-being, Logan should: - Answer ✔ imagine what his life might
be like if he were suffering from a fatal disease

When people are asked to recall a list of words they had earlier memorized, they often
substitute synonyms for some of the words on the original list. This best illustrates the
effects of: - Answer ✔ implicit memory

Carl Rogers would have suggested that many of the defense mechanisms described by
Freud are used to minimize the perceived discrepancy between: - Answer ✔ the actual
self and the ideal self

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Exam (elaborations)

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