CMSRN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% SOLVED
what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and leads to decreased serum sodium concentration?
dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia
edema, confusion, weight gain
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ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) - answer-Secreted by the pituitary gland
-Promotes reabsorption of water back into the blood
-Creates small amounts of dilute urine
-Released when osmolarity is high and when there is low ECF
-"Tap water hormone"
Aldosterone - answer-Secreted by the adrenal cortex
-Promotes reabsorption of sodium and water back into the blood
-Creates a small volume of urine with a low concentration
-Released when angiotensin is released and when there is high osmolarity
-"Salt water hormone"
Isotonic Fluids - answer-Normal saline (NaCl), Ringer's (NaClK+Ca++), and Ringer's
lactate (NaClK+Ca++ and Lactate)
-Extracellular only (1/3 vascular, 2/3 interstitial)
-Used in emergencies to improve profusion and oxygenation
Hypertonic Fluids - answerHypertonic Fluids
Signs and Symptoms of Hypernatremia - answer-Thirst
-Olgiuria
-Confusion, lethargy
-Seizures
-Coma
-High serum level
Signs and Symptoms of Hyponatremia - answer-Malaise
-N/V
-Confusion, lethargy
-Seizures
-Coma
-Low serum levels
PTH - answer-Increases levels of calcium in the blood by releasing calcium from bones,
promoting reabsorption via kidneys and increasing absorption from the small intestine
-Released when serum calcium levels are decreased
Signs and Symptoms of Hypocalcemia - answer-Positive Chvostek/Trousseau sign
Signs and Symptoms of Hypermagnesemia - answer-Hypotension
-Feeling of warmth
-Bradycardia
-Drowsiness, lethargy
-Wear or absent deep tendon reflexes
-Flaccid muscle paralysis
-Respiratory depression
-Cardiac dysrhythmias
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