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UCI Bio 93 Final exam questions and answers
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What are the four most common elements in living matter? - answer-Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon --make up 96% of all living matter. Properties of Acids - answer-Donate H+ to a solution, accept electrons, and have a pH of <7 What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? - answer-D...

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  • September 24, 2024
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UCI Bio 93 Final exam questions and
answers
What are the four most common elements in living matter? - answer-✔Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon --make up 96% of all living matter.


Properties of Acids - answer-✔Donate H+ to a solution, accept electrons, and have
a pH of <7


What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? - answer-✔DNA Synthesis


What happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - answer-✔Growth -- cell contents
are duplicated.


What happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - answer-✔More growth and
preparation for division.


What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle? - answer-✔Mitosis (and
cytokinesis -- division of the cell).


What are the subphases of mitosis? - answer-✔Prophase, Pre-metaphase,
Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.


How many checkpoints are there in the cell cycle? - answer-✔3 -- G1 checkpoint,
G2 checkpoint, and the M checkpoint.

,What is a Karyotype? - answer-✔A layout of Metaphase chromosomes matched
with their homologous pairs.


What is a diploid cell? - answer-✔A cell with 46 chromosomes -- somatic cells.


What is a haploid cell? - answer-✔A cell with 23 chromosomes -- sex cells.


What does the mesoderm give rise to? - answer-✔the notochord (similar to a spinal
chord).


What does the endoderm give rise to? - answer-✔the digestive tract.


What does the ectoderm give rise to? - answer-✔the nervous system (brain)/neural
plate.


If 2n = 18, how many chromosomes come from the mother? - answer-✔9 -- half
from mom and half from dad


Meiosis - answer-✔Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the
chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct
from the parent cell that gave rise to them.


What two structures does the chiasma connect? - answer-✔Non-sister chromatids.


What are the steps of meiosis? - answer-✔Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I,
Telophase I & cytokinesis (then a second set of phases)

, What does meiosis 1 deal with? - answer-✔homologous chromosomes.


What happens in prophase 1? - answer-✔The chromosomes condense, the nuclear
envelope breaks down, chromosomes cross over, and meiotic spindle forms.


What happens in metaphase 1? - answer-✔the pairs of homologous chromosomes
are now tightly condensed and coiled and become arranged on the metaphase plate.


What happens in anaphase 1? - answer-✔the pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart
by the spindle fibers (microtubules).


What happens in Telophase 1 and cytokinesis? - answer-✔The homologous
chromosome pairs complete their migration to the two poles as a result of the
action of the spindle. Now a haploid set of chromosomes is at each pole, with each
chromosome still having two chromatids. A nuclear envelope reforms around each
chromosome set, the spindle disappears, and cytokinesis follows.


What happens during meiosis 2? - answer-✔sister chromatids separate.


What happens in prophase 2 of meiosis? - answer-✔A new spindle forms around
the chromosomes.


What happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis? - answer-✔Metaphase 2 chromosomes
line up at the equator.


What happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis? - answer-✔Centromeres divide
chromatids move to opposite poles of the cells.

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