Biological Psychology Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

Biological Psychology Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions 1. biological psychology - Answer️️ -Definition: a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior Application: When something was wrong with Tommy's left hemispherical lobe, they immediately began to search for biological psychologists. 2. neuron - Answer️️ -Definition: a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system Application: Neurons receive and send messages. 3. dendrites - Answer️️ -Definition: the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell Application: The way the messages in my brain are transferred are through the dendrites. 4. axon - Answer️️ -Definition: the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands Application: Messages are sent down my neuron's axon to go to the synaptic vesicles. 5. myelin sheath - Answer️️ -Definition: a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 2 of 12 Application: The more one practices the more their axon is myelinated and the better they are at the thing they are practicing for. 6. endorphins - Answer️️ -Defintion: "morphine within"- natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure Application: People who get a "runner's high" are receiving lots of endorphins. 7. refractory period - Answer️️ -Defintion: a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm Application: One's organs need to reset. 8. threshold - Answer️️ -Definition: the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse Application: When a neuron reaches threshold the message is sent down the axon to eventually continue on to another neuron. 9. all-or-none response - Answer️️ -Definition: when a neuron will either reach threshold or withhold the information Application: If the message is important enough to send it would be considered "all". 10. synapse - Answer️️ -Definition: the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron Application: The synapse continues on the message to the next neuron's receptor site. 11. neurotransmitters - Answer️️ -Definition: chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 3 of 12 neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor site son the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse Application: The messages being sent between the neurons are the neurotransmitters. 12. reuptake - Answer️️ -Definition: a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron Application: When the neuron contains the other neurons message. 13. action potential - Answer️️ -Definition: a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon Application: An impulse made by the neuron. 14. agonist - Answer️️ -Defintion: Mimics effects of a neurotransmitter or may block neurotransmitter's repute. Application: Heroin, cocaine and meth are all agonists. 15. antagonist - Answer️️ -Defintion: block a neurotransmitter's function Application: Botox is an antagonist. 16. nervous system - Answer️️ -Definition: the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems Application: The nervous system allows all of the cells nerve cells to communicate. 17. central nervous system (CNS) - Answer️️ -Definition: the brain and spinal cord Application: The CNS is the most important system in your body. TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 4 of 12 18. peripheral nervous system (PNS) - Answer️️ -Definition: the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body Application: The PNS connects the CNS to the other parts of your body. The two systems are dependent of each other. 19. nerves - Answer️️ -Definiton: bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs Application: Nerves are how one senses. 20. sensory (afferent) neurons - Answer️️ -Definition: neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord Application: Sensory neurons contribute to the CNS. 21. motor (efferent) neurons - Answer️️ -Definition: neu