NU 545 Unit 3 Exam Questions with All Correct Answers
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Course
NU 545
Institution
NU 545
NU 545 Unit 3 Exam Questions with All Correct Answers
What is the target organ and function of FSH? - Answer In women:
Granulosa cells
Follicle maturation, estrogen production
in men:
Stertoli cells
Spermatogenesis
What is the target organ and function of B-Lipotropin? - Answer Adipose...
NU 545 Unit 3 Exam Questions
with All Correct Answers
What is the target organ and function of FSH? - Answer ✔ In women:
Granulosa cells
Follicle maturation, estrogen production
in men:
Stertoli cells
Spermatogenesis
What is the target organ and function of B-Lipotropin? - Answer ✔ Adipose cells
Fat breakdown and release of fatty acids
What is the target organ and function of B-endorphins? - Answer ✔ Adipose cells and
brain opioid receptors
Analgesia, may regulate body temperature, food and water intake
Where are hormone receptors located? - Answer ✔ they can be in or on the plasma
membrane of the target cell or they can be in the intracellular compartments of the
target cell
how do steroid hormones bind to their receptors? - Answer ✔ some bind to receptor
molecules in the cytoplasm, then diffuse into nucleus. Others bind to receptors in the
nucleus.
Insulin - Answer ✔ Anabolic hormone that promotes synthesis of proteins, lipids, and
nucleic acid
How does insulin effect skeletal muscle cells? - Answer ✔ direct effect on skeletal
muscle cells with insulin receptors, causing increased glucose transport into those cells
How does insulin effect mammary cells? - Answer ✔ permissive effect of mammary
cells, facilitating the response of these cells to direct effects of prolactin
Glucagon - Answer ✔ Produced by alpha cells of the pancreas and by some cells lining
the GI tract.
Acts primarily on the liver to increase blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and
gluconeogenesis
Insulin antagonist
,Amylin - Answer ✔ peptide hormone secreted with insulin in response to nutrient stimuli.
Regulates blood glucose by delaying nutrient intake and suppressing glucagon
secretion after meals.
Has an antihyperglycemic effect through satiety
Aldosterone - Answer ✔ Most potent of naturally occurring mineralocorticoids.
Acts to conserve sodium by increasing activity of sodium pump of epithelial cells.
In kidneys, primarily acts on epithelial cells of nephron collecting duct to increase
sodium reabsorption and increase potassium and hydrogen excretion
What is the role of calcitonin? - Answer ✔ it lowers serum calcium by inhibiting
osteoclasts (osteoclasts break down bone releasing calcium into bloodstream)
also lowers serum phosphate levels
can decrease calcium and phosphorus absorption by the GI tract
know which hormones are water-soluble and which are lipid-soluble - Answer ✔ water
soluble:
peptides- GH, insulin, leptin, PTH, prolactin
derivatives of arachidonic acid (autocrine or paracrine action):
Leukotrienes, Prostacyclins, prostaglandins, thromboxanes
How are water-soluble hormones transported? - Answer ✔ Water-soluble hormones are
proteins that are polarized with a high molecular weight. Because they cannot diffuse
across the lipid cell plasma membrane, they must interact or bind with receptors in or on
the cell membrane to activate a second-messenger to mediate short-acting responses.
How are lipid-soluble hormones transported? - Answer ✔ Lipid-soluble hormones
diffuse freely across the cell and nuclear membrane and bind with cytosolic or nuclear
receptors. (can also bind with receptors in or on the plasma membrane)
, know how protein hormones are transported in the blood - Answer ✔ peptide or protein
hormones are water-soluble and circulate in free (unbound) forms
why do water soluble hormones have a short half-life? - Answer ✔ because they are
catabolized by circulating enzymes. Remember they are unbound.
How long can lipid-soluble hormones remain in the blood? - Answer ✔ For hours to
days. They last longer in the blood because they are bound to carrier/transport proteins.
only free hormones can do what? - Answer ✔ initiate changes within a target cell
How does the concentration of binding proteins affect the concentration of free
hormones in the plasma? - Answer ✔ because equilibrium exists between the
concentration of free hormones and hormones bound to plasma proteins
What are the two main functions of the target cell hormone receptor? - Answer ✔ 1. To
recognize and bind with high affinity to their particular hormones
2. To initiate a signal to appropriate intracellular effectors
*when a hormone is released into the circulatory system, it is distributed throughout the
body, but only those cells with appropriate hormone receptors for that hormone are
affected.
what is oxytocin? - Answer ✔ a polypeptide hormone synthesized in the supraoptic and
paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Oxytocin is implicated in behavior
responses, especially in women. Oxytocin plays a role in brain responsiveness to
stressful stimuli, especially in the pregnant and postpartum states.
How does oxytocin relate to the pituitary gland? - Answer ✔ the posterior pituitary stores
and secretes oxytocin.
Once synthesized, oxytocin is packaged in secretory vesicles along with its neurophysin
and moved down the axons of the pituitary stalk to the pars nervosa for storage.
Release of oxytocin is mediated by what? - Answer ✔ cholinergic and adrenergic
neurotransmitters. the major stimulus for release is glutamate.
Where is oxytocin secreted and what are its effects? - Answer ✔ it is secreted from the
posterior pituitary. Oxytocin is responsible for the contraction of the uterus and milk
ejection in lactating women and may affect sperm motility in men. Oxytocin is released
in response to suckling (oxytocin binds to receptors on myoepithelial cells in the
mammary tissue and cause contraction causing milk expression or let down reflex) and
distention of the uterus (oxytocin stimulates contractions with a positive feedback loop).
Where is ADH secreted? - Answer ✔ ADH is produced in the hypothalmus and secreted
by the posterior pituitary. ADH and the posterior pituitary regulate osmolality.
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