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NU 578 Unit 2 Exam Questions and Answers All Correct $12.99
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NU 578 Unit 2 Exam Questions and Answers All Correct

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NU 578 Unit 2 Exam Questions and Answers All Correct Traditional AEDs: Valproic Acid - Action - Answer- 1) Sodium channel blockade 2) Suppress calcium influx 3) Augment inhibitory influence of GABA Traditional AEDs: Valproic Acid - Uses - Answer- Partial & generalized seizures Bipolar D/O...

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  • September 25, 2024
  • 18
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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NU 578 Unit 2 Exam Questions and
Answers All Correct

Traditional AEDs: Valproic Acid - Action - Answer- 1) Sodium channel blockade
2) Suppress calcium influx
3) Augment inhibitory influence of GABA

Traditional AEDs: Valproic Acid - Uses - Answer- Partial & generalized seizures
Bipolar D/O
Migraines

Traditional AEDs: Valproic Acid - Side Effects - Answer- GI Upset
Hepatotoxicity
Pancreatitis
Hyperammonemia
Rash
Hair loss

Traditional AEDs: Valproic Acid - Valproic Acid - Answer- Phenobarbital, Phenytoin,
Topiramate

Topical local anesthetics - Answer- Lidocaine
Tetracaine
cocaine

Local Anesthetics - Contraindications/Warnings: - Answer- Inadvertent injection into an
artery or vein can cause severe toxicity

Local Anesthetics - Drug Interactions - Answer-

Use of local anesthetic with vasoconstrictors - Answer- Decreases local bloodflow,
which decreases systemic absorption of the anesthetic

- Prolongs anesthesia
- Decreases toxicity

Parkinson's disease - Answer- Caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the
substantia negra --> causes imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine

Lewy Bodies - Answer- Neurotoxic fibrils, characteristic of parkinson's pathology

Types of drugs used for parkinsons - Answer- 1) Dopaminergic agents

,2) Anticholinergic agents

Carbapenem antibiotics : Decrease plasma levels of valproic acid

Newer Antiepileptic Drugs: Oxycarbazepine - Action & Uses - Answer- Derivative of
carbamazepine

Used to treat partial seizures

Newer Antiepileptic Drugs: Oxycarbazepine - Side Effects - Answer- CNS Effects
Hyponatremia
Hypothyroidism
Serious skin reactions: SJS, TEN
Multiorgan hypersensitivity reactions

Newer Antiepileptic Drugs: Lamotigrine - Action - Answer- Blocks sodium channels
Blocks calcium channels
Decreases release of glutamate

Newer Antiepileptic Drugs: Lamotigrine - Uses - Answer- Adjunctive therapy for partial
and tonic-clonic seizures
Absence Seizures
Bipolar D/O

Newer Antiepileptic Drugs: Lamotigrine - Drug Interactions - Answer- Estrogens & oral
contraceptives


Opioids Drugs - Answer- Drugs:

Opioids - MOA - Answer- - Bind to "opiate receptors" in the brain, which disrupts the
transmission of pain signals in the CNS.

- Mimic actions of endogenous opiates
(endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins).

- Primarily activate mu receptors, but also activate Kappa

Opioids - Effect - Answer- * Relieve pain & induce euphoria

Also cause sedation, respiratory depression, miosis, constipation, nausea, & suppress
the cough reflex.

Opioids - Uses - Answer- - Pain relief
- Cough suppression
- Relief of dyspnea
- Preoperative sedation

, Opioids - Side Effects - Answer- Hypotension
sedation
nausea
itching
miosis
muscle weakness
constipation
Urinary Retention
Biliary Colic
Increased ICP

Treatment of Opioid- Induced Constipation - Answer- methylnaltrexone (Relistor)
naloxegol (Movantik)

Blocks opioid receptors in the GI tract

* Does not cross blood-brain barrier, so does not reverse analgesia

Opioids - Drug Interactions - Answer- CNS depressants!

Anticholinergics

Drugs that lower BP

Opioids - Contraindications/Warnings - Answer- Decreased respiratory reserve
Labor and delivery
Inflammatory Bowel disease
Head Injury

Opioids - Patient Educaiton - Answer-

Opioid toxicity - Answer- 3 signs:
- coma
- pinpoint pupils
- respiratory depression - may be fatal!

Tolerance - Answer- a state in which a drug user needs larger amounts of the drug to
produce the same effect on the body

Physical Dependence - Answer- A state in which an abstinence syndrome will occur if
drug use is abruptly stopped

Abuse - Answer- drug use that is inconsistent with medical or social norms

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