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APES AP Exam Review || All Questions Answered Correctly.
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First Law of Thermodynamics correct answers energy is neither created nor destroyed, may be converted from one form to another. Second Law of Thermodynamics correct answers when energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat). ...

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  • September 25, 2024
  • 14
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • first law of thermodynamics

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  • APES AP
  • APES AP

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APES AP Exam Review || All Questions Answered Correctly.
First Law of Thermodynamics correct answers energy is neither created nor destroyed, may be
converted from one form to another.

Second Law of Thermodynamics correct answers when energy is changed from one form to
another, some useful energy is degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat).

Energy correct answers the ability to do work. Units of energy: joules, calories, kilocalories,
British thermal units (BTUs), Kilowatt-hours (kWh)

Power correct answers the rate of doing work (work/time). Units of power: watts and kilowatts.

High quality energy correct answers easily converted to useful work, organized and concentrated
(ex: oil and nuclear)

Low quality energy correct answers not easily converted to useful work, disorganized, dispersed
(ex: heat).

Electromagnetic radiation correct answers form of energy, travel as waves, e g radio waves, IR,
visible light, UV, gamma rays.

Ionizing radiation correct answers enough energy to knock electrons from atoms, forming ions,
capable of damaging DNA. (Gamma, X rays, UV)

Radioactive decay correct answers unstable radioisotopes decay releasing gamma rays, alpha and
beta particles.

Half-life correct answers time it takes for ½ of the mass of a radioisotope to decay. A
radioisotope must be stored approximately 10 half lives before it has decayed to a safe level.

Nuclear fission correct answers nuclei of isotopes are split apart into smaller nuclei; used in
commercial nuclear reactors.

Nuclear fusion correct answers 2 isotopes of light elements are forced together at high
temperatures. Happens on sun and stars, very difficult to accomplish on Earth, prohibitively
expensive

Parts of hydrologic (Water) cycle correct answers evaporation (transpiration = evaporation from
plants), condensation, precipitation

Fate of precipitation correct answers evaporation (transpiration), runoff or infiltration and
percolation.

Aquifer correct answers water saturated layer in ground, can yield a usable amount of water.

, Water table correct answers upper surface (top) of the aquifer (zone of saturation)

Overdraft correct answers withdrawing water from a resource faster than it is replenished
(discharge>recharge)

Recharge correct answers water moving into a reservoir or aquifer

Cone of depression correct answers lowering of water table around a pumping well.

Salt water intrusion correct answers over pumping of groundwater near coast causes salt water to
move into aquifer.

Ways to conserve water correct answers agriculture- drip irrigation
industry - recycling
home use - fix leaks, use gray water, low flow fixtures

Distribution of water on Earth correct answers 97 % seawater, 3% freshwater (2% icecaps and
glaciers, <1% in ground water, surface, organisms and atmosphere).

Major macronutrients correct answers CHNOPS.

Micronutrients and trace elements correct answers needed in small amounts.

Carbon correct answers component of all organic molecules

Largest reservoir of carbon correct answers (1) sedimentary rocks
(2) oceans.

Photosynthesis correct answers Process by which plants convert CO2 to complex carbohydrates
(C6H12O6), removes C from atmosphere.

Cellular respiration correct answers organisms break down carbohydrates; releases energy,
returns C to atmosphere.

Aerobic correct answers requires oxygen

Processes that release C to the atmosphere correct answers cellular respiration and
decomposition, fires, burning fossil fuels, volcanoes.

Carbon-silicate cycle correct answers slow, geological cycle: C in oceans used by marine
organisms ends up in ocean sediments are subducted into Earth's crust, eventually returned
through volcanic venting.

Nitrogen correct answers component of proteins (amino acids) and nucleic acids.

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