Definitions of a mineral correct answers naturally occurring, solid, molecular structure, definite chemical composition, (usually inorganic)
Definition of a rock correct answers a solid aggregate or mass of minerals
what determines the crystalline structure of a mineral correct answers the si...
EASC 101 Midterm || with 100% Verified Solutions.
Definitions of a mineral correct answers naturally occurring, solid, molecular structure, definite
chemical composition, (usually inorganic)
Definition of a rock correct answers a solid aggregate or mass of minerals
what determines the crystalline structure of a mineral correct answers the size and electrical
charge of ions involved
Polymorphs correct answers Minerals with the same composition but different crystalline
structures
4 ways minerals are formed correct answers crystallization from magma, precipitation from
water of vapour, biological activity, change of state
2 most abundant elements correct answers oxygen and silicon (silicates)
How are igneous rocks formed? correct answers formed from magma that originated deep inside
the earth and moved up toward the surface
How are sedimentary rocks formed? correct answers formed at the surface of the earth through
decomposition of a "parent" rock, erosion, transportation, deposition or compaction
How are metamorphic rocks formed? correct answers changed from one type of rock to another
by heat and pressure
Components of magma correct answers liquid (melt), solids (generally silicate minerals),
volatiles (gases dissolved in melt)
Factors affecting crystal size correct answers rate of cooling (slow=few large crystals, fast=many
small crystals, very fast-glass), amount of silica, amount of dissolved gases
Phaneritic vs. Aphanitic correct answers Phaneritic: coarse grained, slow cooling = intrusive
Aphanitic: fine grained, fast cooling = extrusive, microscopic crystals
Porphyritic correct answers large crystals embedded in smaller crystals, from minerals forming
at different rates and temps
Pyroclastic correct answers fragments of rock erupted by a volcano
Pegmatitic correct answers VERY coarse grained texture forming in late stages of crystallisation
, igneous compositions correct answers dark (ferromagnesian i.e., rich in Fe and/or Mg)
Light (nonferromagnesium i.e., rich in Si,K,Na,Ca)
where are rocks near their melting points? correct answers lower crust and upper mantle
how does pressure affect rock melting? correct answers an increase in pressure = increase in a
rocks melting temp
how is magma generated? correct answers addition of heat, decrease in pressure, introduction of
volatiles (which lower melting temp)
changes in magmatic composition correct answers 1. magmatic differentiation
2. assimilation
3. magma mixing
Batholith correct answers largest intrusive body, frequently form the cores of mountains
Stock correct answers may form metamorphic aureoles, can contain xenoliths and chills zones
methods of magmatic intrusion correct answers magma invades crack, magma melts walls of
country rock, magma breaks wall off rocks
Volcanic deposits correct answers - vesicular (holes from gas bubbles)
- amygdaloidal (filled vesicles)
Volcanic glass correct answers obsidian and pumice (full of trapped gas)
Basaltic lava flows correct answers most abundant volcanic rock
Andesitic lava flows correct answers more viscous than basalt, usually porphyritic
Rhyolitic lava flows correct answers most felsic composition, VERY viscous
General features of valcano correct answers Crater- steep wall depression at the summit
Vent - opening connected to the magma chamber
Caldera - a summit depression
Dome - bulbous mass of congealed lava
Geological factors that control weathering correct answers 1. properties of parent material
2. climate
3. length of exposure
Mechanical weathering correct answers physical forces break rock into smaller and smaller
pieces without changing composition
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