PSYU2236: Learning Component || with 100% Error-free Solutions.
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Course
PSYU2236: Learning Component
Institution
PSYU2236: Learning Component
cognitive psychologists correct answers focus on mechanisms of behaviour
behavioural psychologists correct answers emphasis on outward/external and observable behaviours and micro mental stimuli
direct learning correct answers learning through our own experiences
indirect learning/ observa...
non-associative learning correct answers ability to notice important events and learn to ignore
events that occur without consequence
learning that results in a change in the frequency of a behaviour after repeated exposure to a
stimulus
sensory adaptation correct answers the tendency of sensory receptors to fatigue and stop
responding to an un changing stimulus e.g. eyes adjusting in a dark cinema
sensitisation correct answers the increase in response to a stimuli
usually a stimuli with high intensity
e.g. person clicking pen in an exam
desensitisation correct answers the decrease of a response to a stimulus back to the baseline as a
consequence of repeated experience with the stimulus
habituation correct answers decrease in the response to a stimulus (is usually stimulus specific)
i.e. getting used to a stimulus and thus being able to ignore it
orientating response correct answers when you move towards to may more attention to a new
stimulus
spontaneous recovery correct answers demonstrates how habituation can be 'undone' when the
intervals between stimuli are too long
dishabituation correct answers recovery in responsiveness to an already habituated stimulus
occurs when there is the addition of a novel stimulus that reorientates the perceiver to the
habituated stimulus
, dual process theory of habituation and sensitisation correct answers suggests that the underlying
processes of habituation and sensitisation can co-occur, and that the observable behaviour is the
sum of these two processes
associative learning correct answers any learning process in which a new response becomes
associated with a particular response
classical conditioning correct answers a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more
stimuli and anticipate events
a type of associative learning where the repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with an
unconditioned stimulus leads to an unconditioned response becoming a conditioned one
e.g. Pavlov's dogs
appetitive conditioning/ appetitive unconditioned stimuli correct answers a stimulus that
automatically elicits an approach response (a response that gives satisfaction or pleasure)
aversive conditioning/ aversive unconditioned stimuli correct answers a stimulus that elicits an
avoidance or escape response because it is unpleasant or harmful
two process model of aversive conditioning correct answers posits that emotional conditioned
responses emerge first (e.g. freezing in the face of danger) followed by more specialised and
adaptive motor conditioned responses (e.g. running away)
stimulus substitution theory correct answers the CS acts as a substitute for the US (inline with
Pavlov)
sign tracking correct answers (evidence for the stimulus substitution theory)
sign tracking occurs when the organism directs its behaviour at the conditioned stimulus at the
expense of receiving a reward/ achieving a goal
(the relationship between the CS and CR is too strong)
different to goal trackers who's behaviour is directed towards the US
preparatory response theory correct answers the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organism for
the presentation of the US (often in relation to aversive stimuli)
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