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HPEX 358 Midterm: Ch. 1-6 Questions with Correct Answers
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HPEX 358 Midterm: Ch. 1-6 Questions with Correct Answers
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HPEX 358 Midterm: Ch. 1-6 Questions with CorrectAnswers
What is an epidemic? Correct Answer-the occurrence in a community or
region of cases of an illness, specific health behavior, or other health
related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy; a single case of a
disease may be representative
What are examples of epidemics? Correct Answer-Ebola virus, Zika
virus, salmonella outbreak of 2008, etc.
What is a pandemic? Correct Answer-An epidemic occurring
everywhere at once or over a very wide area, crossing international
boundaries, usually affecting a large number of people.
What is an endemic? Correct Answer-Usual and expected rate of a
disease in a population. An example is the common cold
What is an outbreak? Correct Answer-A sudden rise in the incidence of
a disease affecting people from a location.
What are the key characteristics of epidemiology? Correct Answer-
Population focus, distribution, determinants, outcomes, quantification,
control of health problems
What is meant when stating epidemiology has an interdisciplinary
approach? Correct Answer-It uses information from many other fields
,such as mathematics and biostatistics; history; sociology; demography
and geography; behavioral sciences; and law
What is meant by exposures? Correct Answer-Related to determinants; it
pertains either to contact with a disease causing factor or to the amount
of the factor that impinges upon a group of individuals.
What is meant by determinants? Correct Answer-It is a collective or
individual risk factor that is causally related to a health condition,
outcome, or other defined characteristics. An example is biological
agents.
What is meant by outcomes? Correct Answer-All the possible results
that may stem from an exposure to a causal factor; it is expressed as
types and measures of morbidity and mortality.
What is descriptive epidemiology? Correct Answer-Classifies the
occurrence of disease according to person, place, and time.
What is analytic epidemiology? Correct Answer-Examines causal
(etiologic) hypotheses regarding the association between exposures and
health conditions. Answers how and why
Who was John Snow? Correct Answer-An English anesthesiologist who
innovated several of the key epidemiological methods that remain valid
and used today; is considered the father of epidemiology; believed that
, cholera was transmitted by contaminated water and was able to
demonstrate this association.
What was John Snows experiment? Correct Answer-During a later
cholera outbreak in 1854 London, the residents served by the Lambeth
Company had fewer cases of cholera than residents served by the other
water company, Southwark and Vauxhall Company. He came to the
conclusion that cholera was transmitted by contaminated water.
Who was Hippocrates? Correct Answer-Father of medicine; He was a
Greek authority who departed from superstitious reasons for disease
outbreaks. He suggested disease might be associated with environmental
factors.
Who was Edward Jenner? Correct Answer-Developed a method for the
smallpox vaccine in 1796
Who was Robert Koch? Correct Answer-He was a German physician
who verified that human diseases are caused by specific living
organisms. He identified the causes of cholera, anthrax, and tuberculosis.
What did Koch's postulates demonstrate? Correct Answer-The
associated between a microorganism and a disease.
Robert Koch's Postulates Correct Answer-1. pathogen isolated from sick
individual
2. pathogen grown in laboratory culture
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