PSYC-1200 CHAPTER 10, CHAPTER 9, CHAPTER 11,
CHAPTER 12, CHAPTER 13, CHAPTER 14, CHAPTER
15, CHAPTER 16 || ALL QUESTIONS ANSWERED
CORRECTLY.
A friend of yours is pregnant and particularly afraid of her child dying from sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS) after he is born. What factor can you tell your friend puts her child at greater
risk from dying from SIDS so she can make sure she avoids it? correct answers cigarette smoke
Charmaine is interested in going to graduate school to gain expertise in the ways in which people
experience physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes over the course of their lives. The
type of program that Charmaine should be applying to is __________ psychology. correct
answers developmental
Which of the following types of changes are of interest to a developmental psychologist? correct
answers biological, cognitive, and psychosocial changes
__________ studies observe different individuals at different ages at a single point in time.
correct answers Cross-sectional
Xiao is gathering research on the number of daily calories people typically consume at various
ages. He gathers data about the number of calories eaten by 25 people at each of the following
ages: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years. What type of research design is Xiao using? correct
answers cross-sectional
Daniel is interested in studying how children's behaviour changes when they grow up in high-
risk environments. He enlists 500 children and their parents to take part in his research, and
observes these children once a year for 20 years. Although this research is time-consuming and
expensive, it gives very good information about how the children age over time. This type of
research is an example of a __________ study. correct answers longitudinal
In a __________design, one group of participants is followed and assessed as the group ages.
correct answers longitudinal
__________ studies collect data from the same individuals over a period of time to track age-
related changes. correct answers Longitudinal
In a cross-sectional study, subjects from the same generation are referred to as correct answers an
age cohort.
A(n) __________ refers to a group of people who lived during the same time period. correct
answers cohort
,Which of the following is true about longitudinal studies? correct answers They are more likely
to suffer from attrition than cross-sectional studies.
One advantage to using a longitudinal design over a cross-sectional design is that longitudinal
designs correct answers avoid the problems associated with cohort effects.
A researcher performs a cross-sectional study comparing the video-game playing ability of 20-
year-olds to 60-year-olds. The results indicate that the 20-year-olds learned to play a new game
much faster than the 60-year-olds. However, the researchers are uncertain whether this indicates
that the 20-year-olds' ability will decrease over time, or whether the 60-year-olds had more
difficulty because they grew up before there were video games. What issue is this an example
of? correct answers cohort effects
Developmental changes during childhood tend to occur correct answers in stages.
Psychologists refer to abrupt developmental changes as occurring ______________. In contrast,
they refer to slower, more gradual changes as being _________________. correct answers in
stages; continuous
A__________ period refers to the optimal time period when the normal development of a
particular skill must take place. correct answers sensitive
Times when certain internal and external influences have a major impact on development are
called _______________. correct answers sensitive periods
Suppose a child were raised by abusive parents who kept her locked in a basement, completely
separated from human contact, for the first 7 years of her life. When she was finally rescued,
case workers found that it was very difficult to teach her how to communicate. This would be
because the child was not exposed to language during the _____________. correct answers
sensitive period
The germinal stage correct answers occurs during the first two weeks after fertilization.
Marisa is at a point in her pregnancy when the blastocyst is moving down to her uterus, and the
placenta begins to form. Which stage of prenatal development is Marisa currently experiencing?
correct answers germinal
The placenta is correct answers a specialized organ that provides nourishment and filters away
waste products from the developing baby.
Which of the following describes the embryonic period? correct answers the period during which
the major organs and structures of the organism first develop
The heart and nervous system begin to form when the developing child is categorized as a(n)
________. correct answers embryo
,Tameeka is at a point in her pregnancy during which the major organs and structures of her baby
are first developing. Which period of prenatal development is Tameeka currently experiencing?
correct answers embryonic
Which of the following is the correct order for the phases of prenatal development? correct
answers germinal, embryonic, fetal
While the chance of survival for infants born at 25 weeks is about 50%, the probability for
survival is 95% by ________ weeks of gestation. correct answers 30
Which of the following is a key component to the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care
and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) for preterm infants? correct answers minimizing exposure
to light and sounds that can over-stimulate the developing brain
According to your textbook, which of the following is true of children who survive a preterm
birth before 29 weeks' gestational age? correct answers Over 50% show no cognitive
impairments at all.
One important advantage of the kangaroo care intervention for preterm infants is that it correct
answers can easily be used in developing countries.
Which of the following terms is used to describe any substance, such as a drug, chemical, or
virus, that can bring about a birth defect? correct answers teratogen
Which of the following is not a known symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome? correct answers
respiratory difficulties
Greta's child has facial deformities, learning difficulties, and delayed growth. If these defects can
be traced to a teratogen used by Greta when she was pregnant, which was she most likely
abusing? correct answers alcohol
What are some of the common consequences to a child whose mother smoked while pregnant?
correct answers lower birth weight and premature birth
Which of the following is true of the original research that suggested a relationship between the
MMR vaccine and the development of autism? correct answers It has been retracted by the
journal that published it.
By seven to eight months of gestation, not only can infants hear, but they also seem to be
actively listening. According to your textbook, which of the following is one of the ways
researchers know this? correct answers Infants show a preference for stories read aloud to them
prior to birth.
Which ability may take up to 2 months after birth to develop? correct answers discriminating
between different colours
, The involuntary muscular reactions to specific types of stimulation seen in newborns are referred
to as ___________. correct answers reflexes
The rooting reflex refers to a newborn's tendency to correct answers open the mouth to seek food
when touched on the cheek.
Elizabeth is nursing her newborn daughter and holds the baby up to her breast. When she strokes
her baby's cheek, the child turns her head toward the breast and finds her mother's nipple. This is
a demonstration of the __________ reflex. correct answers rooting
The Moro reflex is most likely to be produced when correct answers the baby loses support of
his or her head.
In a study discussed in your textbook, researchers surveyed mothers from different cultures about
when they expected their newborns to develop specific motor skills such as walking. In cultures
where the mothers expected their children to reach these milestones earlier, correct answers their
children reached the milestones at an earlier age than the children from other cultures.
Cross-cultural studies show that children raised in different environments mature at slightly
different rates. According to your textbook, these differences are likely due to differences in
correct answers when infants begin practising motor skills.
The loss of weak nerve cell connections in the brain is known as ____________. correct answers
synaptic pruning
The creation of new synaptic connections between neurons is called ___________________,
whereas the removal of weak connections is called _______________. correct answers
synaptogenesis; synaptic pruning
Which of the following increases the ability of an infant's brain to function? correct answers both
the creation and the removal of synaptic connections
Jean Piaget is best known for his pioneering work in the area of ________ development. correct
answers cognitive
The study of changes in memory, thought, and reasoning processes that occur throughout the
lifespan is called _____________. correct answers cognitive development
In Piaget's theory, the process of absorbing new information into existing cognitive structures is
called __________. correct answers assimilation
In Piaget's theory, the process of modifying existing cognitive structures in response to
experience and new information is called _______________. correct answers accommodation
According to Piaget, knowledge accumulates and is modified by which two processes? correct
answers assimilation and accommodation
