Exam (elaborations)
N305 Exam 3 Prepu Questions With Correct Answers
- Course
- Nurs 305
- Institution
- Queens College
N305 Exam 3 Prepu Questions With Correct Answers
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N305 Exam 3 Prepu Questions With Correct AnswersA 35-year-old client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) and is
started on hemodialysis. The client is concerned with the diagnosis and
wants to know what to expect in the progression of this disorder. Which
statement best addresses the client's concern?
a. "Acute kidney injury is abrupt in onset and often reversible if
recognized early and treated appropriately."
b. "The occurrence of acute kidney injury will always eventually result
in chronic renal failure."
c. "You will need to have a renal transplant to live a productive, healthy
life."
d. "Once your condition improves you can be placed on peritoneal
dialysis for the rest of your life." Correct Answer-a.
Explanation:
AKI is the result of a rapid decline in kidney function that increases
blood levels of nitrogenous wastes. Once the underlying cause is treated,
AKI is potentially reversible if the precipitating factors can be corrected
or removed before permanent damage occurs.
Which physiologic change in the elderly population contributes to
urinary incontinence?
a. Decline in detrusor muscle function
b. Increased bladder contractility
c. Increased bladder capacity
,d. Side effects of medication Correct Answer-a.
Explanation:
In the older adult population, overall bladder capacity is reduced as is
urethral closing pressure. Changes associated with aging include decline
in detrusor muscle function, decrease in bladder contraction, and
impairment in bladder emptying. Medications may contribute to
incontinence; however, it is not a physiologic change but rather a
chemical influence.
A child has been brought to an urgent care clinic. The parents state that
the child is "not making water." When taking a history, the nurse learns
the child had a sore throat about 1 week ago but seems to have gotten
over it. "We [parents] only had to give antibiotics for 3 days for the
throat to be better." The nurse should suspect the child has developed:
a. acute renal failure.
b. kidney stones.
c. acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis.
d. nephrotic syndrome. Correct Answer-c.
Explanation:
The classic case of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis follows a
streptococcal infection by approximately 7 to 12 days: the time needed
for the development of antibodies. The primary infection usually
involves the pharynx (pharyngitis), but can also result from a skin
, infection (impetigo). Oliguria, which develops as the GFR decreases, is
one of the first symptoms.
A 34-year-old woman presents with an abrupt onset of shaking chills,
moderate to high fever, and a constant ache in her lower back. She is
also experiencing dysuria, urinary frequency, and a feeling of urgency.
Her partner states that she has been very tired the last few days and that
she looked like she may have the flu. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Renal cell carcinoma
b. Acute renal failure
c. Renal calculi
d. Acute pyelonephritis Correct Answer-d.
Explanation:
Acute pyelonephritis tends to present with an abrupt onset of shaking
chills, moderate to high fever, and a constant ache in the loin area of the
back that is unilateral or bilateral. Lower urinary tract symptoms,
including dysuria, frequency, and urgency also are common. There may
be significant malaise, and the person usually looks and feels ill. Nausea
and vomiting may occur along with abdominal pain. Cancer, kidney
stones, and acute renal failure have different presentations.
A young adult client has just been diagnosed with acute
glomerulonephritis. Which question should the nurse ask this client in
attempting to establish a cause?
a. "Do you have a history of heart failure?"
b. "Have you recently had kidney stones?"
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