APEA Neurology MSN 572/exam study guide/revision test/questions and answers/correct and verified A+/latest updates fall 2024

APEA Neurology MSN 572/exam study guide/revision test/questions and answers/correct and verified A+/latest updates fall 2024APEA Neurology MSN 572/exam study guide/revision test/questions and answers/correct and verified A+/latest updates fall 2024 Symptoms indicative of shaken baby syndrome are related to - correct answers-Uncontrollable cerebral edema and hypoxia Brain damage resulting from shaking of the body and rapid flexing and extension of the head results in hypoxia and cerebral edema leading to symptoms of blindness, inability to perform previously learned milestones, and very flaccid muscle tone. When assessing coordination of muscle movement, four areas of the nervous system function in an integrated way. These areas include the motor, cerebellar, the vestibular, and the sensory systems. Which system coordinates a steady posture. - correct answers-Cerebellar System Coordination of muscle movement requires that four areas of the nervous system function in an integrated way: motor system for muscle strength cerebellar system for rhythmic movements and steady posture vestibular system for balance and coordinating eye, head, and body movements sensory system for position sense When assessing the cranial nerves, the nurse practitioner touches the cornea lightly with a wisp of cotton. This maneuver assesses which cranial nerve - correct answers-Cranial nerve V Touching the cornea and assessing for a reflex assesses cranial nerve V When eliciting deep tendon reflexes in the biceps, the nurse practitioner notes an abnormal reflex in the right biceps. This abnormality is probable consistent with a pathological lesion in which segmented level of the spine? - correct answers-Cervical 5 and 6 The segmented levels of the deep tendon reflexes are Ankle: sacral 1 Knee: lumbar 2,3 &4 Supinator and biceps: cervical 5&6 Triceps: cervical 6&7 Uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain, which may produce minor physical signs, thought disturbances, or disturbed motor activity is: - correct answers-Seizure Dystonia is a neurological disorder that causes involuntary muscle spasms and twisting of the limbs. Bradykinesia is the term used to describe the impaired ability to adjust to one's body position. This symptom is noted in patients who have parkinson's disease. A rhythmic oscillatory movement of a body part resulting from the contraction of opposing muscle groups is a tremor. A band of skin innervated by the sensory root of a single spinal nerve is termed a - correct answers-Dermatome A band of skin innervated by the sensory root of a single spinal or dorsal nerve root is termed a dermatome. A peripheral nerve field refers to an area of the skin innervated by a single nerve and is described as a cutaneous nerve distribution. A synapse is a structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell. Asterixis refers to an abnormal tremor consisting of involuntary jerking movements, especially in the hands, frequently occurring with impending hepatic coma and other forms of metabolic encephalopathy. This is known as flapping tremor. A patient is asked to visually follow a finger through the cardinal fields of gaze. Which cranial nerves are being assessed? - correct answers-3, 4, and 6 CN 1 is the olfactory nerve and assesses smell CN 2 is the optic nerve and assesses visual acuity CN 5 is the trigeminal nerve and assesses both sensory and motor functions. A patient presents with history of temp of 102, headache, and pink papules on the upper chest several hours ago. Petechiae and ecchymosis are noted on the trunk. These skin lesions may be indicative of: - correct answers-meningococcemia Skin lesions associated with meningococcemia initally present as pink macules and papules. Within minutes to a few hours, petechiae, hemorrhagic petechiae, hemorrhagic bullae, and purpura fulminans become apparent. With meningococcemia meningitis, the temperature may be 102 or greater and the patient appears very ill. Skin lesions associated with leukemia may include pallor, exfoliative erythroderma, nodules, petechiae, ecchymoses, pruritus, vasculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and bullous diseases. Skin lesions associated with neurofibromatosis may include, pallor, exfoliative erythroderma, nodules, petechiae, ecchymoses, pruritus, vaculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and bullous diseases. Skin lesions associated with neurofibromatosis may include, neurofibromas Cafe au lait spots, freckling in the axillary and inguinal areas, and plexiform neurofibroma. Hemorrhagic pancreatitis skin lesions include Grey Turner's sign (bruising of the flanks, appearing as a blue discoloration), Cullen's sign (superficial edema and bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the umbilicus), and panniculitis (a group of diseases whose hallmark is inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue) A form of aphasia in which the person has difficulty speaking and understanding words and is unable to read or write is termed - correct answers-Global aphasia With global aphasia, the person has difficulty speaking and understanding words and is unable to read or write. In Broca's aphasia, speech is confluent, slow, with few words and laborious effort. Inflection and articulation are impaired but words are meaningful, with nouns, transitive verbs, and important adjectives. Small grammatical words are often dropped. With anomic aphasia, the person has word-finding difficulties and because of the difficulties, the person struggles to find the right words for speaking and writing. With wernicke's phasia, speech is fluent, often rapid, voluble, and effortless. Inflection and articulation are good, but sentences lack meaning and words are malformed (paraphasias) or invented (neologisms). Speech may be totally incomprehensible. At what age is it considered normal for a child to pick up objects using the palm of the hand only? - correct answers-At 6 months of age Picking up objects using the hand only is called the palmer grasp and is normal in children ages 4-6 months. At 9 months, the child uses the thumb and pointer finger to pick up objects and this is called the pincer grasp. A 12 month old would be able to use the entire hand and fingers to pick up items.