Psychology correct answers Scientific study of human behavior and mental processes.
Answers philosophical questions about human nature.
Uses methods borrowed from other disciplines.
Wilhelm Wundt correct answers German. Set up first psychology lab. Was a Structuralist.
Studied how people sen...
Introductory Psychology CLEP ||| Already Passed.
Psychology correct answers Scientific study of human behavior and mental processes.
Answers philosophical questions about human nature.
Uses methods borrowed from other disciplines.
Wilhelm Wundt correct answers German. Set up first psychology lab. Was a Structuralist.
Studied how people sense and perceive world around them.
Structualists correct answers Believed that consciousness was made of basic elements. combined
in different ways to produce different perceptions.
They wanted to discover the form or elements of mental experience.
introspection correct answers Technique favored by structuralists for examining mental
experience. Involves reporting one's own conscious thought and feelings. It fell out of favor, too
subjective, not usable on children or animals.
Edward Titchener correct answers Set up first American psychology lab, was a structuralist.
Functionalists correct answers Believed mental experiences were adaptive, or functional for
people. Believed behavior and consciousness allowed people & animals to adjust to
environments.
William James correct answers a most notable functionalist.
Current state of the study of psychology correct answers psychologists study both the structure
and functions of behavior. both are methods, are of many that are used to study psychology.
Approaches to understanding human behavior correct answers Biological, Psychodynamic,
Behavioral, Cognitive Approach, Humanistic
Biological approach correct answers Focus on physiological and biochemical processes might
produce psychological phenomena.
Psychodynamic approach correct answers Thoughts, feelings and behaviors stem from the
interaction of innate drives and restrictions on those drives. Most important drives according to
Sigmund Freud are that of sexual and aggression.
[we have drives]+[society, limitations]=[conflicts]
how we approach conflicts determines personality.
The reason for much of your behavior are unconscious and rooted in childhood.
Behaviorist approach correct answers Explains behavior in terms of learned responses to
predictable patterns of environmental stimuli.
Pavlov (and his dogs) = classical conditioning
,Skinner = operant conditioning
They study animals in order to understand people more often than the other approaches. They
don't believe in expectations, feelings or thoughts.
Cognitive approach correct answers reaction against behaviorism.
Focuses on explaining behavior in terms of expectations, feelings, and thoughts.
Humanistic approach correct answers They believe that people are not machines based on
genetic code, stimuli, or calculations, but instead humans have the desire for optimal growth &
development (i.e. self-actualization).
They believe people are basically good and focus on positive aspects of development.
experiments correct answers cause and effect relationships
independent variables correct answers The "cause" & always involves treating subjects in at least
two different ways
experimental group correct answers exposed to cause
control group correct answers not exposed to cuase
dependent variable correct answers the "effects" of the cause
placebo effect correct answers different behavior because the subject knows they are being
tested/getting special treatment
placebo correct answers fake special treatment
blind study correct answers subjects unaware if they are reciving special treatment or not
double blind study correct answers both experimenter and experimetee are unaware of who has
recivied special treatment
correlational studies correct answers assessing the relationship between two variables
positive relationship correct answers high score in one variable results in/correlates to a high
score in another variable (+1)
negative relationship correct answers high score in one variable results in/correlates to low
scores in another variable (-1)
correlation coefficient correct answers (+/-)1, the higher the absolute value = more correlation,
+/- indicates type of relationship, 0 is no relationship
, surveys correct answers participants fill out questionaries that ask about variables, researchers
determine patterns
case studies correct answers in-depth analysis of only one person (Freud used these a lot).
naturalistic observation correct answers studying behavior as it occurs in real life settings
must be unobtrusive, and have inter-judge/inter-rater/inter-observer reliability (the confirmation
of what is happening)
behavioral neuroscience correct answers focused on communication between body parts, how
behavior is influenced by it
nervous system correct answers organization of neurons, transmitters, and brain structures that
moves information throughout the body
neurons correct answers pathways for communication (i.e. nerve cells)
sensory neurons correct answers aka afferent neurons. They take in information and transmit to
the spinal cord and brain.
motor neuorns correct answers aka efferent neurons. They send information in opposite direction
(away from brain)
interneurons correct answers aka associasion neurons. They communicate with other neurons
cell body correct answers keep cell alive and functioning, nucleus, etc.
dendrites correct answers short fibers that take information from outside the cell
axons correct answers fibers that pass information along to other nerve cells, gland or muscles
mylein sheaths correct answers fats that surround axons and accelerates transmission of
information
action potential correct answers electrical impulse that activates nerves and sends messages
+outside, -inside cell
refractory period correct answers the neuon has time to pump out sodium ions and fire again
neurotransmitters correct answers chemicals contained within vesicles (sacs) that when released
from the axon terminal cross the synaptic gap to next cells dendrites, continue relay
serotonin correct answers controls arousal and sleep. low levels of this in the brain is typical of
depression
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