NUR 211 Test #1 - Immunity
What is the function of the immune system? - ANS Defends and protects the body from
infection/antigens
Removes and destroys damaged or dead cells
Identifies and destroys malignant cells, preventing their further development into tumors
What is the nonspecific response by the immune system? - ANS Response is the same
regardless of the antigen
Prevent or limit entry of any foreign substance into the body
Barrier protection- Skin, mucous, tears, gastric secretion, etc.
Inflammation- brings fluid, dissolved substances and blood cells to interstitial tissues
What is the specific/immune response to the immune system? - ANS Antibodies respond to
specific antigens
Lymphocytes- T cells, B cells and Natural Killer Cells
Primary immune response- 1st exposure takes 3 days
Secondary immune response- subsequent exposures trigger memory cell response- 24 hours
What is a leukocyte and what is the function of it? - ANS A white blood cell; primary cell for
specific and nonspecific immune response
From stem cells in bone marrow
Attack and destroy anything foreign
What is the normal range for WBC?
What is the name and range for a WBC below normal?
What is the name and range for a WBC above normal? - ANS Normal number :4,500-10,000
cells/mm3
Leukocytosis - > 10,000 cells/mm3 is a sign of infection- leukocyte numbers increase to fight
infection.
, Leukopenia- decrease in the amount of circulating leukocytes; below 4,500
What is a shift to the left? - ANS Abnormal increase of immature WBCs
Lymphocytes do what? - ANS Derive from the stem cells in the bone marrow; they monitor the
body fro cancerous cells and attempt to destroy them
What are memory cells and their responsibility? - ANS Antibodies that stay inactive for years,
but activate immediately with subsequent exposure; they then proliferate rapidly producing an
intense immune response; responsible for providing acquired immunity (resistance to an antigen
resulting from previous exposure to that antigen).
What are antigens? - ANS They provoke a specific immune response when introduced into the
body; they are large protein molecules; many are proteins found on the cell membrane or cell
wall of microorganisms or tissues (transplanted organs/tissues), incompatible blood, vaccines,
pollen, dander, venom
When an antigen is present in the cell what occurs? - ANS A message is sent to the helper T
CELLS and can/does go either way...
- B Cells which make antibodies
OR
- Killer Cells which directly attack and destroy body cells infected with the antigen
Memory cells deprive from B cells and T cells which remember how to identify the antigen and
will reactivate at a future time if present again
What are antibodies?
(Helper T cells, B cells, Killer T cells, Suppressor T cells) - ANS Helper T cells initiate immune
response
B cells produce antibodies that react to specific antigens. Subsequent encounters with that
antigen trigger memory cells.
Killer T cells destroy body cells infected with the antigen. Also attack malignant cells
Suppressor T cells limit immune response
What are the classes of antibodies called? - ANS Immunoglobulins
IgM: responsible for primary immunity
IgG: major immunoglobulin
IgA: protects the mucous membranes
IgD: role unknown
What is the function of the immune system? - ANS Defends and protects the body from
infection/antigens
Removes and destroys damaged or dead cells
Identifies and destroys malignant cells, preventing their further development into tumors
What is the nonspecific response by the immune system? - ANS Response is the same
regardless of the antigen
Prevent or limit entry of any foreign substance into the body
Barrier protection- Skin, mucous, tears, gastric secretion, etc.
Inflammation- brings fluid, dissolved substances and blood cells to interstitial tissues
What is the specific/immune response to the immune system? - ANS Antibodies respond to
specific antigens
Lymphocytes- T cells, B cells and Natural Killer Cells
Primary immune response- 1st exposure takes 3 days
Secondary immune response- subsequent exposures trigger memory cell response- 24 hours
What is a leukocyte and what is the function of it? - ANS A white blood cell; primary cell for
specific and nonspecific immune response
From stem cells in bone marrow
Attack and destroy anything foreign
What is the normal range for WBC?
What is the name and range for a WBC below normal?
What is the name and range for a WBC above normal? - ANS Normal number :4,500-10,000
cells/mm3
Leukocytosis - > 10,000 cells/mm3 is a sign of infection- leukocyte numbers increase to fight
infection.
, Leukopenia- decrease in the amount of circulating leukocytes; below 4,500
What is a shift to the left? - ANS Abnormal increase of immature WBCs
Lymphocytes do what? - ANS Derive from the stem cells in the bone marrow; they monitor the
body fro cancerous cells and attempt to destroy them
What are memory cells and their responsibility? - ANS Antibodies that stay inactive for years,
but activate immediately with subsequent exposure; they then proliferate rapidly producing an
intense immune response; responsible for providing acquired immunity (resistance to an antigen
resulting from previous exposure to that antigen).
What are antigens? - ANS They provoke a specific immune response when introduced into the
body; they are large protein molecules; many are proteins found on the cell membrane or cell
wall of microorganisms or tissues (transplanted organs/tissues), incompatible blood, vaccines,
pollen, dander, venom
When an antigen is present in the cell what occurs? - ANS A message is sent to the helper T
CELLS and can/does go either way...
- B Cells which make antibodies
OR
- Killer Cells which directly attack and destroy body cells infected with the antigen
Memory cells deprive from B cells and T cells which remember how to identify the antigen and
will reactivate at a future time if present again
What are antibodies?
(Helper T cells, B cells, Killer T cells, Suppressor T cells) - ANS Helper T cells initiate immune
response
B cells produce antibodies that react to specific antigens. Subsequent encounters with that
antigen trigger memory cells.
Killer T cells destroy body cells infected with the antigen. Also attack malignant cells
Suppressor T cells limit immune response
What are the classes of antibodies called? - ANS Immunoglobulins
IgM: responsible for primary immunity
IgG: major immunoglobulin
IgA: protects the mucous membranes
IgD: role unknown
