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NR283: Pathophysiology Final Exam-study guide Q&A 2024 latest
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NR283: Pathophysiology Final Exam-study guide complex, chronic, multi factorial disease that decreases bone mineral density - -what is osteoporosis? white female, postmenopausal, aging, sedentary lifestyle, and hyperparathyroidism - -what are the risk factors for osteoporosis? silent until fr...

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  • October 22, 2024
  • 12
  • 2024/2025
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NR283: Pathophysiology Final Exam-study
guide
complex, chronic, multi factorial disease that decreases bone mineral density - ✅✅-what is
osteoporosis?

white female, postmenopausal, aging, sedentary lifestyle, and hyperparathyroidism - ✅✅-what
are the risk factors for osteoporosis?

silent until fractures occur, back pain - ✅✅-what are the symptoms of osteoporosis?
fractures - ✅✅-what are patients at risk for with osteoporosis?
active lifestyle, calcium/vitamin D supplements - ✅✅-what is the health promotion for
osteoporosis?

-Bone remodeling
-increased bone re absorption
-decreased bone formation causing thin, fragile bones
-fractures.

✅✅
-Increased osteoclast activity
-decreased osteoblast activity. - -what is the pathology of osteoporosis?

-chronic, systemic, inflammatory autoimmune disease
-exaggerated immune response
-neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage -inflammatory cytokines breaking down cartilage
and bone then T-cells

✅✅
-fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
-inflammation is constant and spreads to ALL synovial joints - -what is the pathology of
rheumatoid arthritis?


✅✅
inflammation, fever, weakness, joint deformity, aching and stiffness, painful, tender, and stiff
joint, loss of function, and cyst in the joint. - -what are the signs and symptoms of
rheumatoid arthritis?

systemic symptoms
ex.) fever

✅✅
osteoarthritis: load bearing, sports, and trauma
rheumatoid: Autoimmune - -what is the differentiation from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid
arthritis?


✅✅
a twist of the bone looking like a spiral, most common in children due to child abuse -
-what is a spiral fracture and who is most at risk?

, Rest
Ice

✅✅
Compression
Elevate - -what does RICE stand for in regards to injury?


✅✅
Decrease pain threshold=increased pain sensation
ex.) Sun burn - -what do prostaglandin, histamine, and cytokine do for the body?


✅✅
reduce translation of pain
ex) labor - -what does seranin and GABA do for the body?


✅✅
prevent transmission of pain signals
ex.) exercise - -what do endorphins do for the body?


✅✅-what pathway of pain is Efferent?
CNS to PNS
what to do with the pain -


✅✅-what pathway of pain is Afferent?
PNS to CNS
processed by the brain -

amount of pain body can handle before you involuntarily remove the stimuli - ✅✅-what is pain
tolerance?


✅✅-what is pain threshold?
*same for everyone*
Minimum amount of stimuli it takes to perceive pain -

✅✅-what is pain perception?
brain interprets the signal -

signal goes to the CNS - ✅✅-what is the role of pain transmission?

nociceptors pick up pain signals - ✅✅-what is the role of pain transduction?

transmits pain - ✅✅-what is the role of nociceptors?

chemicals the nervous system use to communicate - ✅✅-what are neurotransmitters?

increased or decreased transmissions of pain signals (manages pain) - ✅✅-what is
modulation of pain?


✅✅
dysfunction of the nervous system?
ex.) fibromyalgia - -what is neuropathic pain?

pain where the real issue is NOT located

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