What is Apoptosis? Correct Answer-A programmed cell death
What is necrosis? Correct Answer-Death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply.
Characteristics of tissue necrosis Correct Answer-1) Rapid loss of of the plasma membrane ...
Compensatory hyperplasia Correct Answer-Removal of 70% of the
liver- can regenerate in about 2 weeks
What is Metaplasia Correct Answer-Replacement of cells
Example of Metaplasia Correct Answer-Normal columnar ciliated
epithelial cells of the brohchial lining have been replaced by stratified
squamous epithelial cells
During ischemia, what effect does the loss of the ATP levels have on
cells? Correct Answer-Reduction in ATP levels causes the plasma
membrane's sodium-potassium pump and sodium-calcium exchange to
fail, which leads to an intracellular accumulation of sodium and calcium
and diffusion of potassium out of the cell. Sodium and water then can
enter the cell freely, and cellular swelling results.
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which
diseases? Correct Answer-These reactive oxygen species play major
roles in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular alterations
associated with hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension,
ischemic heart diseases, and chronic heart failure.
What are free radicals? Correct Answer-Electrically uncharged atom or
group of atoms having an unpaired electron.
, How are free radicals formed? Correct Answer-Having one unpaired
electron makes the molecule unstable; thus to stabilize, it gives up an
electron to another molecule or steals one.
Free radical species Correct Answer-Are capable of injurious chemical
bond formation with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates - key molecules in
membranes and nucleic acids.
What are the Lysosomes? Correct Answer-Enzymatic digestion of
cellular organelles, including the nucleus and nucleolus, halting
synthesis of DNA and RNA
What are peroxisomes? Correct Answer-membrane-bound organelles in
most Eukaryotic cells, primarily involved in lipid metabolism and the
conversion of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide into
safer molecules like water and oxygen
How does the body metabolize Ethanol Correct Answer-Liver enzymes
metabolize ethanol to acetaldehyde which causes hepatic cellular
dysfunction. Peroxisomes help detoxify ethanol.
Which cell component is the most vulnerable target of radiation? Correct
Answer-DNA
What is Sarcopenia Correct Answer-Muscular atrophy
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