Cardiovascular disease
COMMON PRESENTING SYMPTOMS OF HEART DISEASE
Chest pain
Chest pain or discomfort is a common presenting symptom of cardiovascular
disease and must be differentiated from non-cardiac causes. The site of pain,
its character, radiation and associated symptoms will often...
An Illustrated Guide For
Cardiovascular System
Examination
Bedside Teaching for 2nd year medical Students
Prepared by:
Dr. Farid Ghalli
Clinical Teacher (Hon)
2016
, Cardiovascular System
Examination
Inspection Palpation Auscultation
i. Heart sounds:
• Mitral area M
• Pulmonary area P
• Aortic area A
• Shape of precordium • Tricuspid area T
• Apex beat • Opening snap
• Pulsation in other i. Apex beat
localization ii. Murmurs:
areas
ii. Pulsation in • Mitral area
a. Pulmonary
following areas • Aortic area
b. Parasternal
• Pulmonary • Bruit over carotids
c. Aortic
• Parasternal • Pulmonary area
d. Neck
• Aortic • Tricuspid area
e. Epigastric
iii. Thrills: • Parasternal area
f. JVP
• Mitral iii. Pericardial rub
• Aortic iv. Listening to the base of
lungs.
• Carotid artery
• Pulmonary
• Parasternal
iv. Palpates liver for
hepatojugular reflux,
v. Feels for pulsatile
liver
vi. Palpates for
oedema.
, Before Examination :
Wash hands
Introduce yourself
Confirm patient details – name / DOB
Explain the examination
Gain consent
Expose the patient’s chest
Position patient at 45°
Ask patient if they have pain anywhere before you begin!
General Examination
Appearance : Looks Well/Ill , Consciousness , Alert .
Body Built : Average , Thin , Obese ( Depends On BMI ) .
Color : Pale , Cyanosed .
Decubitus : Patient's position in bed .
Distress : Difficulty In Breathing ( Dyspnoeic ) .
Any surrounding Clues : IV Line , Catheter, O2 Mask , ECG , Wheelchair ,
…etc.
Vital Signs
Pulse :
1- Radial Artery .
2- Brachial Artery .
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