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Patho Exam 1 (Maryville University - NURS611) questions with correct answers
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- Maryville University Of St. Louis
Patho Exam 1 (Maryville University - NURS611) questions with correct answers
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Patho Exam 1 (Maryville University - NURS611)questions with correct answers
Nucleus Correct Answer-Contains the nucleolus, a small, dense structure
composed largely of RNA; most of the cellular DNA; and the DNA-
binding proteins, the histones, that regulate its activity. Therefore, the
histones binding to DNA cause DNA to fold into chromosomes. The
wrapping of DNA into tight packages of chromosomes is essential for
cell division in eukaryotes.
Ribosomes Correct Answer-RNA-protein complexes that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through
pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. These tiny
ribosomes may float free in the cytoplasm or attach themselves to the
outer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. THEIR CHEIF
FUNCTION IS TO PROVIDE SITES FOR CELLULAR PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS.
Golgi Complex Correct Answer-a network of flattened, smooth
membranes and vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of the cell.
Proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum are processed and packaged
into small membrane-bound sacs or vesicles called secretory vesicles,
the Golgi complex is a refining plant and directs traffic (i.e. protein,
polynucleotides, polysaccharide molecules) in the cell.
Lysosomes Correct Answer-Maintain cellular health through:
-efficient removal of toxic cellular components
-removal of useless organelles
-termination of signal transduction
,-signals cellular adaptation
Mitochondria Correct Answer-organelles found in large numbers in
most cells and responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
The inner membrane contains the enzymes of the respiratory chain and
these enzymes are essential to the process of oxidative phosphorylation
that generates most of the cells ATP.
Apoptosis Correct Answer-Programmed cell death. Cellular self-
destruction for elimination of unwanted cell populations.
Necrosis Correct Answer-Characterized by rapid loss of the plasma
membrane, organelle swelling and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Hypoxia Correct Answer-#1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis
(especially in kidneys and heart)
Physiologic Atrophy Correct Answer--occurs with early development
-example: the thymus gland undergoes physiologic atrophy during
childhood
Pathologic Atrophy Correct Answer-occurs as a result of decreases in
workload, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation,
and nervous stimulation
Hypertrophy Correct Answer-increase in cell size
, Physiologic Hypertrophy Correct Answer-hypertrophy of myocardial
cells secondary to endurance training
Pathologic Hypertrophy Correct Answer-hypertrophy of myocardial
cells secondary to HTN
Hyperplasia Correct Answer-increase in number of cells
Compensatory Hyperplasia Correct Answer-liver regenerates in 2 weeks
after 70% is removed
Pathologic Hyperplasia Correct Answer-endometrial hyperplasia
Metaplasia Correct Answer-Replacement of cells
Example: normal columnar ciliated cells of the bronchial lining have
been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells. CAN BE
REVERSED IF IRRITANT STOPS
Cellular Metabolism Correct Answer-ATP functions as the energy
transferring molecule (Very important).
Ischemia effects on ATP Correct Answer-A reduction in ATP levels
causes the plamsa membrane's Na+/K+ pump and sodium-calcium
exchange to fail, which leads to an intracellular accumulation of sodium
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