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PSYCH 310 Final Exam || A+ Graded Already.
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Empiricism correct answers using evidence form the senses as the basis for conclusions. Weight of the evidence correct answers scientists evaluate their theories based on the weight of the evidence, for and against. Theory correct answers a set of statements that describes general principles ...

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  • October 28, 2024
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PSYCH 310 Final Exam || A+ Graded Already.
Empiricism correct answers using evidence form the senses as the basis for conclusions.

Weight of the evidence correct answers scientists evaluate their theories based on the weight of
the evidence, for and against.

Theory correct answers a set of statements that describes general principles about how variables
relate to one another.

Hypothesis correct answers a specific outcome the researcher expects to observe in a study if the
theory is accurate.

Data correct answers a set of observations.

Preregistration correct answers the documentation of planned hypotheses, research design, and
analyses before beginning the research.

Replication correct answers the repetition of a research study to determine if the basic findings of
the original study can be applied to other circumstances.

Falsifiability correct answers A theory must lead to hypotheses that, went tested, could actually
fail to support the theory.

Scientific journal correct answers come out every month and contain articles that are written by
qualified contributors and are peer-reviewed.

Empirical research correct answers based on observed and measured phenomena and derives
knowledge from actual experience.

Comparison group correct answers enables us to compare what would happen both with and
without the thing we are interested in.

Confounds correct answers a confound occurs when you think one thing caused an outcome, but
in fact other things changed, too, so you are confused about what the cause really was.

Research confederate correct answers an actor playing a specific role for the experimenter.

Probabilistic correct answers findings are not expected to explain all cases all of the time.

Availability Heuristic correct answers things that pop up easily in our mind tend to guide our
thinking.

Present/Present Bias correct answers failure to consider appropriate comparison groups.

,Confirmation Bias correct answers the tendency to look only at information that agrees with
what we already believe.

Bias Blind Spot correct answers the belief that we are unlikely to fall prey to the other biases
previously described.

Effect Size correct answers the magnitude of a relationship.

Open Access correct answers the goal to move countries toward becoming "knowledge societies"
in which information, science, and communication are easy to come by and are highly valued.

Variable and Levels correct answers levels are values.

Constant correct answers something that could potentially vary but that has only one level in the
study in question.

Measured Variable correct answers one whose levels are simply observed and recorded.

Manipulated Variable correct answers a variable the researcher controls.

Construct/Conceptual Variable correct answers abstract concepts that are carefully defined at a
conceptual level.

Operational Definition/Variable correct answers used to test hypotheses with empirical research.

Operationalize correct answers turn a concept of interest into a measured or manipulated
variable.

Correlation correct answers one variable changes, the other variable changes too.

Scatterplot correct answers each dot represents one participant in the study.

Validity correct answers the appropriateness of a conclusion or decision. A valid claim is
reasonable, accurate, and justifiable.

Generalizability (aka External Validity) correct answers how well the results of a study
generalize to, or represent, people or contexts besides those in the original study.

Confidence Interval (Margin of Error) correct answers a statistical figure that attempts to include
the true value in the population.

Covariance correct answers the extent to which two variables are observed to go together.

Temporal Precedence correct answers one variable comes first in time, before the other variable.

Random Assignment correct answers ensures all groups are as similar as possible.

,Philip is a graduate student that is in a lab that conducts research that applies to a general body of
knowledge, but is not focused on addressing specific or practical problems. What type of
research is he doing?
Clinical research
Basic research
Applied research
Translational research
Physical research correct answers Basic research

Professor Binford has to publish original empirical research in order to keep his job at a
university. He understands that the importance of publication in empirical research is:
Because publishing helps Professor Binford become famous.
Because publication is the first step of the theory-data cycle.
Because publication enables practitioners to read the research and use it in applied settings
Because publication contributes to making empirical observations independently verifiable.
Because journalists can make the knowledge available to the general public. correct answers
Because publication contributes to making empirical observations independently verifiable.

Which of the following is NOT one of the objectives of science?
Predict
Compare
Control
Describe
Explain correct answers Compare.

Laura wants to become an empiricist. Which one of these is most important for her to strive for
in order to become an empiricist?
No answer text provided.
She should base her conclusions on direct observations.
She should strive for parsimony.
She should use logical reasoning in all of her theory designs.
She should ensure that her research can be applied in a real-world setting.
She should discuss her ideas in a public setting. correct answers She should base her conclusions
on direct observations.

Peer reviewed means that a journal article has been________.

Reviewed by journal editors who decide whether the article should be published
Reviewed by peers to determine whether the findings are interesting enough that other people
would read the article
Published by a news outlet
Read and edited for mistakes by the author's peers and ethically reviewed by IRB
Read and scientifically critiqued by peers who have expertise in the area correct answers Read
and scientifically critiqued by peers who have expertise in the area

, Science is a way of knowing that combines _______ and _______.
Authority, tradition
Instinct, empiricism
Tradition, personal experience
Reasoning, empiricism
Reasoning, logic correct answers Reasoning, empiricism

Einstein's ideas about the general principles of relativity are an example of a(n):
Theory
Empirical observation
Concept
Hypothesis
Prediction correct answers Theory

Jerald has to use 2 ways of thinking to answer his research question. Which 2 sources of
knowledge are most scientific?
Tradition and Authority
Intuition and Reasoning
Authority and Intuition
Empiricism and Tradition
Reasoning and Empiricism correct answers Reasoning and Empiricism

Which of the following examples BEST describes using empiricism?
Emily's doctor tells her that she should eat kale, so she buys it in bulk.
Jamal believes that BYU students are smarter than Utah State students because he knows a
student from each place and he thinks the BYU student 'seems' smarter.
Karen doesn't go to class today because she has a gut feeling that warns her to stay away.
Seth thinks that a certain month of the year is bad luck because it has always seemed to be that
way in his family.
Celeste uses a thermometer daily to track her body temperature as a measure of her health.
correct answers Celeste uses a thermometer daily to track her body temperature as a measure of
her health.

Penny bases her knowledge only on things that she can measure. What type of knowledge comes
from measuring things to get information?
Empiricism
Personal experience
Reasoning
Authority
Intuition correct answers Empiricism

Debrief correct answers carefully informed about the study's hypotheses.

Informed Consent correct answers each person learns about the research project, considers its
risks and benefits, and decides whether to participate.

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