CCI Echocardiography Practice Questions with Complete Solutions Latest Update

Echocardiography Practice Questions with Complete Solutions Latest Update Which Aortic leaflet is the superior one in the PSLA - Answers Right Leaflet Name the tricuspid leaflets - Answers Posterior and Anterior The coronary arteries come off of the.. - Answers Sinus of Valsalva Name the vessels coming off the arch and the most proximal or distal. - Answers Innominate (proximal), left carotid, and the left subclavian (distal) What cardiac pathology is associated with bicuspid aortic valves? - Answers Coarctation of the Aorta Where do the most aortic Coarctation occur? - Answers After the take-off of the left subclavian artery, or within the aortic isthmus Where are the pulmonary veins loca? Which ones are seen in this view? - Answers Rights and left superior (upper) pulmonary veins Where is the coronary sinus located? - Answers Posterior AV groove To visualize the coronary sinus in the apical 4 chamber view you should tilt the transducer.. - Answers Posterior During which phase do the coronaries fill? - Answers early diastole Where is the chiari network located? - Answers RA What portion of the pulmonary venous PW Doppler represents atrial systole? - Answers A wave Know frequency for TEE probes versus TTE - Answers TTE probes are usually higher 5-7MGz, while TTE probes are 2-7MHz At what temperature is it unsafe to use a TEE probe? - Answers 40-45C Know TEE views by esophageal level (know mid esophageal- ME and transgastric) and degrees. - Answers 4ch- 0 degrees 2ch- 90 degrees LAX- 120 degrees Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker? - Answers The SA node has the highest intrinsic rate of any cardiac tissue. The save of contraction (depolarization) moves from the endocardium to the epicardium. - Answers Inside to outside. Look at the purkinje fibers above. What is the absolute refractory state? - Answers That period when a muscle cell is not excitable- from phase 1 into phase 3; the 'relative refractory period' is during phase 3 and the muscle cell might contract if the stimulus is strong. Know what P wave, P-R interval, T wave represents - Answers P wave- atrial systole P-R interval- includes P-R segment (from atrial to ventricular depolarization) QRS complex- ventricular diastole (repolarization) What is the normal duration for the QRS complex? - Answers 0.10 sec Frank-Sterling Law - Answers Increased volume= increased contractility RUBBER BAND THEORY Acute AI is hypercontractile because we shift up the Starling curve - Answers Chronic AI is failure when we drop off the end Does a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) increase LV preload? - Answers yes (when shunt L-R) Echo finding for preload vs. afterload... - Answers Preload= dilatation Afterload= hypertrophy Which study does not allows for the calculations of ejection fraction? - Answers CXR Does venous return increase or decrease with inspiration? - Answers Increase Mitral valve velocity during inspiration increases or decreases? - Answers Increases Hepatic venous flow reveral indicates _______ TR. - Answers Severe Given a TR velocity of 4.0m/sec what is the RVSP? - Answers 70mmHg A patient has a RVSP of 60mmHg. One year later the RVSP is 30mmHg. What happened to the pt? - Answers Coanda effect? Coanda Effect- Define. - Answers Wall hugging effect Pulmonary venous systolic flow reversal is.. - Answers Severe MR Which of the following is used in echo to measure dP/dt? - Answers Mitral regurgitation dP/dt measurement of mitral regurgitation assesses what? - Answers LV systolic dysfunction ______ is the rate of rise of LV pressure? - Answers dP/dt LAP= - Answers systolic BP- MR gradient Know pressure waveforms for MR (late systolic jump in LA pressure) pg. 97 - Answers ... Know about Marfan's syndrome.. define - Answers Congenital connective tissue disease causing aortic dilatation of MVP In Marfan syndrome, why does aortic dissection and MVP occue? - Answers Connective tissue disorder Know Ehlers-Danlos. Another connecative tissue disorder - Answers like Marfan's pts, you look for MVP dilated Ao dissection Severe Ao aneurysms are greater than: - Answers 5.0cm Know libman-sachs= - Answers Lupus and Marantic endocarditis St. Jude is a __________ valve - Answers Bi-leaflet Autografts - Answers means using pts own tissue Pannus - Answers host tissue overgrowth What are all the cardiomyopathies? - Answers Dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, ischemic Which cardiomyopathy is autosomal dominant? - Answers Hypertrophic Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (AHCM) - Answers Normal etiology (genetic) Typical spectral Doppler finding (flow acceleration in mid LV) Ratio for assessing asymmetric hypertrophy. - Answers 1.3:1 LVOT obstruction cuases the aortic valve to... - Answers close in mid systole Pts with a history of IV drug abuse may present with... - Answers Tricuspid endocarditis The Venturi Effect can be associated with which cardiomyopathy? - Answers Hypertrophic Dos Inderal (beta blocker) increase SAM? - Answers No, decreases HR reduces SAM with excercise Chaga's disease (Dilated CM)? - Answers posterior and apical thinning septum usually normal Know the echo signs of congestive cardiomyopathies: - Answers -Multi chamber enlargement -Globally impaired LV contractility -B-Notch on MV M-Mode (increased LVEDP) -Thrombus may be present