BBH 310 Final Exam || All Answers Are Correct 100%.
1 view 0 purchase
Course
BBH 310
Institution
BBH 310
Co-Vary correct answers When two variables "move together"; that is, when a person scores higher on one variable, he or she tends to score higher (or lower) on the other variable.
Cross-Sectional study correct answers Study that takes measurements on one group of research participants at one tim...
BBH 310 Final Exam || All Answers Are Correct 100%.
Co-Vary correct answers When two variables "move together"; that is, when a person scores
higher on one variable, he or she tends to score higher (or lower) on the other variable.
Cross-Sectional study correct answers Study that takes measurements on one group of research
participants at one time only (with no manipulation). Retrospective → looking backwards into
time to get an idea of what lead to a point
Cross-Sectional Strengths correct answers Easy (don't have to follow people over time or deliver
intervention)
- cheaper/faster
- large probability samples (external validity) → representing populations
Cross-Sectional Weakness correct answers - Not good for cause and effect
- hard to say if hypothesized cause came before hypothesized effect
- confounders
Cohort Study correct answers Observational longitudinal study; multiple observation time points
for each participant. ** Prospective cohort study: looking forward; when you start collecting data
on your predictor variable at the beginning of the study and measure your outcome variable at
later time points
Cohort Strength correct answers - Establish if hypothesized cause came before hypothesized
effect
- change over time (data collected at one point can predict outcome later)
- Evaluating if "person variables" are risk factors predicting health outcomes
Case Study correct answers Aren't really a design → allows to bring observations from all aspect
of patient's life and how they are relevant to the case; rare .
Observational or involve some testing. No representative sample
Case Study Strength correct answers - Insight about extremely rare phenomena
- Synthesize clues and come up with new hypothesizes based on investigation of all the factors
relevant to one specific person
Case Study Weakness correct answers - Tiny sample size, unknown external validty
Case-Control Study correct answers Selects 2 groups to compare the differences between them
(totally different samples)
Case group → has disease or characteristic
Control group → do not; compare.
* retrospective → what aspect of their history tends to be different from the controls (cause)
, Case Control Strength correct answers - Focuses attention on rare cases
- Works for objective, stable risk factors that can be reliably measured retrospectively
- Can infer possible risk factors of disease
Case-Control Weakness correct answers - Selection biases between case and control groups
- Retrospective → biased (have to remember)
- Confounders
Narrative Review correct answers Summary of empirical research findings on a particular
subject in a very flexible format; non-systematic
Narrative Review Defining Feature correct answers *** common, Do not require authors to
explicitly disclose how they searched for and found information
Narrative Review importance correct answers effects in a single study can be small and subtle so
many sources need to be put together for a pool of evidence considered when coming to an
overall conclusion.
Narrative Review Strengths/Weaknesses correct answers Strength
-choice of most appropriate format.
-comprehensive
-appropriate for broad and hard to narrow topics
Weakness
Bias
-Publication Bias: not every primary research study is published and a lot of the time it is only
the flashy, dramatic one that are.
-Bias towards reporting investigations of NEW topics instead of doing further work to confirm
previously studied topics.
-Reviewer Bias: reviewers have opinion on subject writing an article on.
- Confounders and other problems in original studies.
Systemic Literature Reviews correct answers Requires reviewer to state the rules they followed
when they decided what to include and what to leave out.
Fair
Systemic Literature Reviews Defining feature correct answers ***must include:
1. set objectives
2. clear set of rules for how the team will search literature to find relevant info.
3. Evaluate quality
4. Organization
Systemic Literature Reviews Importance correct answers Fair and eliminate reviewer bias,
transparent; necessary when there is a very specific question to review
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller FullyFocus. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.69. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
