Central Dynamic in PH correct answers Individual rights vs. community rights (e.g., child rights
vs. parents)
Individual Rights correct answers Imply a reciprocal duty
Can be positive (right to work) or negative (right to be left alone).
Individual: Positive Rights correct answers Subsistence/welfare rights
Individual: Negative Rights correct answers Option Rights
(exercise legal rights; privacy rights, etc.)
Federalism correct answers Rose to address challenges in addressing needs of MCH population
after WW2
Independent Judiciary correct answers Courts resolve tension between individualism and
federalism
Public Health Approach correct answers Sanitation reforms to clean Miasmic breeding grounds
Miasma Theory correct answers Disease is caused by foul emanations from organic matter in
contaminated water, soil, air (instead of germs).
Sanitary Movemement
Sanitary Movement correct answers Public Health Approach Examples:
- Edwin Chadwick - greatest British Sanitary reformer, closed circuits for sewage and water
supplies
- Florence Nightingale - insisted on fresh air and cleanliness in care of sick.
Observational Science correct answers - Epidemiology is an observational science
- People NOT assigned to specific treatment groups
- Watch Naturally occuring events
Population Thinking correct answers Concern with disease occurrence in groups people vs.
individuals
, - Defining pops is key to most MCH activities
- Interested in predicting the experience of a population, vs. individuals.
Population correct answers Group of people with common characteristic
Group Comparison correct answers Group of individuals EXPOSED to an event with risk of
occurrence of the same health outcome among similar but UNEXPOSED group.
John Snow correct answers Cholera is a waterborne disease, from sewage contaminating water
supply.
Cholera epidemic correct answers London 2 water companies
Northern and Southern districts
Germ Theory of disease correct answers - Dominant paradigm in 20th century
- Applied lab-based bacteriology to PH
- Replaced miasmic theory
- disease caused by microorganisms
Cohort correct answers Group of people who shared particular event together, during particular
time span.
Cohort studies correct answers - ID pop based on time and place
- Divide into 2 groups based on exposure to particular risk factor
Risk correct answers A probability statement based on experience of a group to which person
belongs
- can't predict whether a certain person will develop the disease
- everyone in pop viewed as having same risk.
End of Embryonic period correct answers 8th week
Developmental milestones marking the end of the embryonic period correct answers Placenta
replaces yolk sac as nutrition source.
3 Developmental milestones during Embryonic period correct answers - Nerves develop
- heart is formed and pumps
- sex is determined
(Nerves, heart, gender)
Functions of the Placenta correct answers - Protect fetus
- Provide nutrients and filter out wastes (except drugs, nicotine, alcohol)
- Provides all fetus needs from Mom's blood system
- Releases progesterone
Placenta works for how many weeks of Gestation? correct answers Approximately 28 weeks,
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