NREMT Cognitive Exam |200 questions with correct
answers
An oral and nasal airway should be Correct Answer-used to keep the
tongue from blocking the airway
(When a patient is unconscious, the tongue tends to fall back in the
mouth and block the airway. An oral or nasal airway is used to prevent
this.
You would not necessarily insert an oral or nasal airway in all critical
patients. They would not be used if the patient was breathing, had a gag
reflex, or had extensive facial trauma that would contraindicate their
use.)
What type of medication opens the bronchi and increased the
effectiveness of breathing when a patient has asthma? Correct Answer-
Bronchodilators
(Bronchodilators are used to relax the muscles in the lungs and dilate or
widen the bronchi allowing air to more easily flow through them. A
common bronchodilator is Albuterol.)
What is the maximum flow rate for a nasal cannula? Correct Answer-6
LPM
(A nasal cannula is used to administer O2 at flow rates off 2-6 LPM,
delivering an O2 concentration of 24-44% of inspired oxygen.)
To provide oxygen therapy at "100%," what should the flow rate be on a
nonrebreather mask? Correct Answer-12-15 LPM
,(12-15 LPM administered via a nonrebreather (NRB) mask is considered
"100% O2.")
What airway opening maneuver should be used on a patient that has
fallen off a ladder and is suffering from respiratory distress? Correct
Answer-Jaw thrust
(The jaw thrust maneuver should be used to open the airway of any
patient who has suffered a traumatic injury to decrease cervical spine
movement.)
A device that delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs in the
form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine that the patient inhales is
known as a(n)? Correct Answer-Metered-dose inhaler (A metered-dose
inhaler is commonly used to treat Asthma, Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease, and other respiratory problems.)
The anatomy of the airway consists of the upper and lower airways. The
upper airway starts at the mouth and nares and ends at the _________?
Correct Answer-cricoid cartilage
(The airway is divided into two different anatomical locations; the upper
and lower airway. The upper airway starts where air enters the body -
the nose (nares) and the mouth. Air will pass through the nose and is
filtered and warmed before passing through the remainder of the upper
airway and entering the lower airway.
The upper airway ends at the cricoid cartilage, the distal end of the
larynx. The thyroid cartilage is located at the proximal end of the
larynx.)
,The tongue is often a source of airway obstruction; it falls back and
occludes the _________? Correct Answer-Pharynx
(The pharynx (throat) is often occluded by the tongue falling back and
obstructing air flow. The jaw thrust and head tilt-chin lift maneuvers pull
the tongue off the back of the pharynx to open the airway allowing
airflow to the lungs.
When air enters the nostrils, it passes through the nasopharynx, the
oropharynx, and the pharynx before entering the trachea. The trachea is
too distal for the tongue to occlude it.)
The lower airway ends at the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
Oxygen moves to the hemoglobin by passing through a semipermeable
membrane. Where does this occur? Correct Answer-Capillary bed
(The oxygen concentration is high within each air sac, so oxygen passes
or diffuses across the alveolar membrane into the pulmonary capillary.
At the beginning of the pulmonary capillary, the hemoglobin in the red
blood cells has carbon dioxide bound to it and very little oxygen.
The oxygen binds to hemoglobin, and carbon dioxide is released.
Carbon dioxide is also released from sodium bicarbonate dissolved in
the blood of the pulmonary capillary. The concentration of carbon
dioxide is high in the pulmonary capillary, so carbon dioxide leaves the
blood and passes across the alveolar membrane into the air sac. This
exchange of gases occurs rapidly (fractions of a second).
The carbon dioxide then leaves the alveolus when you exhale and the
oxygen-enriched blood returns to the heart. Thus, the purpose of
breathing is to keep the oxygen concentration high and the carbon
dioxide concentration low in the alveoli so this gas exchange can occur.)
, To create negative pressure in the thorax (chest cavity) the diaphragm
contracts and moves _____________. This action expands the volume of
the thorax, allowing air to rush into the lungs. Correct Answer-
Downward
(The diaphragm is a thin, tough muscle that separates the thorax and
abdomen. The diaphragm is domed upward in its relaxed state, so when
it contracts the diaphragm flattens out, causing the thorax volume to
increase.
Since the pressure in the thorax is lower than atmospheric pressure, air
will rush into the lungs and allow gas exchange. While the chest wall
expands, the diaphragm is the primary respiratory muscle. Chest muscles
have a smaller role concerning normal respiration.)
Which of the following ventilatory techniques is likely to yield the
LOWEST tidal volumes? Correct Answer-One-person bag-valve mask
(With both mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-mask ventilation, it is
relatively easy to maintain a good seal with the patient's mouth, allowing
for the delivery of adequate tidal volumes. Likewise, two-person bag-
valve-mask techniques dedicate one rescuer solely to ensuring adequate
mask seal and the second rescuer to squeeze the ventilation bag with two
hands (again allowing for adequate tidal volumes to be delivered).
One-person bag-valve-mask usage is difficult to master, as the single
rescuer must maintain a manual airway maneuver, an adequate mask
seal, and squeeze the bag simultaneously.)
You are transporting an elderly male patient in respiratory distress with a
history of COPD... Correct Answer-elevated
answers
An oral and nasal airway should be Correct Answer-used to keep the
tongue from blocking the airway
(When a patient is unconscious, the tongue tends to fall back in the
mouth and block the airway. An oral or nasal airway is used to prevent
this.
You would not necessarily insert an oral or nasal airway in all critical
patients. They would not be used if the patient was breathing, had a gag
reflex, or had extensive facial trauma that would contraindicate their
use.)
What type of medication opens the bronchi and increased the
effectiveness of breathing when a patient has asthma? Correct Answer-
Bronchodilators
(Bronchodilators are used to relax the muscles in the lungs and dilate or
widen the bronchi allowing air to more easily flow through them. A
common bronchodilator is Albuterol.)
What is the maximum flow rate for a nasal cannula? Correct Answer-6
LPM
(A nasal cannula is used to administer O2 at flow rates off 2-6 LPM,
delivering an O2 concentration of 24-44% of inspired oxygen.)
To provide oxygen therapy at "100%," what should the flow rate be on a
nonrebreather mask? Correct Answer-12-15 LPM
,(12-15 LPM administered via a nonrebreather (NRB) mask is considered
"100% O2.")
What airway opening maneuver should be used on a patient that has
fallen off a ladder and is suffering from respiratory distress? Correct
Answer-Jaw thrust
(The jaw thrust maneuver should be used to open the airway of any
patient who has suffered a traumatic injury to decrease cervical spine
movement.)
A device that delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs in the
form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine that the patient inhales is
known as a(n)? Correct Answer-Metered-dose inhaler (A metered-dose
inhaler is commonly used to treat Asthma, Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease, and other respiratory problems.)
The anatomy of the airway consists of the upper and lower airways. The
upper airway starts at the mouth and nares and ends at the _________?
Correct Answer-cricoid cartilage
(The airway is divided into two different anatomical locations; the upper
and lower airway. The upper airway starts where air enters the body -
the nose (nares) and the mouth. Air will pass through the nose and is
filtered and warmed before passing through the remainder of the upper
airway and entering the lower airway.
The upper airway ends at the cricoid cartilage, the distal end of the
larynx. The thyroid cartilage is located at the proximal end of the
larynx.)
,The tongue is often a source of airway obstruction; it falls back and
occludes the _________? Correct Answer-Pharynx
(The pharynx (throat) is often occluded by the tongue falling back and
obstructing air flow. The jaw thrust and head tilt-chin lift maneuvers pull
the tongue off the back of the pharynx to open the airway allowing
airflow to the lungs.
When air enters the nostrils, it passes through the nasopharynx, the
oropharynx, and the pharynx before entering the trachea. The trachea is
too distal for the tongue to occlude it.)
The lower airway ends at the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
Oxygen moves to the hemoglobin by passing through a semipermeable
membrane. Where does this occur? Correct Answer-Capillary bed
(The oxygen concentration is high within each air sac, so oxygen passes
or diffuses across the alveolar membrane into the pulmonary capillary.
At the beginning of the pulmonary capillary, the hemoglobin in the red
blood cells has carbon dioxide bound to it and very little oxygen.
The oxygen binds to hemoglobin, and carbon dioxide is released.
Carbon dioxide is also released from sodium bicarbonate dissolved in
the blood of the pulmonary capillary. The concentration of carbon
dioxide is high in the pulmonary capillary, so carbon dioxide leaves the
blood and passes across the alveolar membrane into the air sac. This
exchange of gases occurs rapidly (fractions of a second).
The carbon dioxide then leaves the alveolus when you exhale and the
oxygen-enriched blood returns to the heart. Thus, the purpose of
breathing is to keep the oxygen concentration high and the carbon
dioxide concentration low in the alveoli so this gas exchange can occur.)
, To create negative pressure in the thorax (chest cavity) the diaphragm
contracts and moves _____________. This action expands the volume of
the thorax, allowing air to rush into the lungs. Correct Answer-
Downward
(The diaphragm is a thin, tough muscle that separates the thorax and
abdomen. The diaphragm is domed upward in its relaxed state, so when
it contracts the diaphragm flattens out, causing the thorax volume to
increase.
Since the pressure in the thorax is lower than atmospheric pressure, air
will rush into the lungs and allow gas exchange. While the chest wall
expands, the diaphragm is the primary respiratory muscle. Chest muscles
have a smaller role concerning normal respiration.)
Which of the following ventilatory techniques is likely to yield the
LOWEST tidal volumes? Correct Answer-One-person bag-valve mask
(With both mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-mask ventilation, it is
relatively easy to maintain a good seal with the patient's mouth, allowing
for the delivery of adequate tidal volumes. Likewise, two-person bag-
valve-mask techniques dedicate one rescuer solely to ensuring adequate
mask seal and the second rescuer to squeeze the ventilation bag with two
hands (again allowing for adequate tidal volumes to be delivered).
One-person bag-valve-mask usage is difficult to master, as the single
rescuer must maintain a manual airway maneuver, an adequate mask
seal, and squeeze the bag simultaneously.)
You are transporting an elderly male patient in respiratory distress with a
history of COPD... Correct Answer-elevated
