Kin 310 Exam 2 || All Questions Answered Correctly.
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Course
Kin 310
Institution
Kin 310
What are the three layers of connective tissue and the location of each? correct answers -Epimysium (outer)
-Perimysium (middle)
-Endomysium (inner)
What do muscle fibers contain? correct answers myofibrils with contractile proteins, actin, and myosin
What happens to capillary supply to mu...
Kin 310 Exam 2 || All Questions Answered Correctly.
What are the three layers of connective tissue and the location of each? correct answers -
Epimysium (outer)
-Perimysium (middle)
-Endomysium (inner)
What do muscle fibers contain? correct answers myofibrils with contractile proteins, actin, and
myosin
What happens to capillary supply to muscle fibers with training? correct answers On average: 3-
4 per muscle fiber
For athletes: 5-7 per muscle fiber; increases with training
What is a tendon? Compare it to a muscle fiber in terms of strength and elasticity. correct
answers "less-stretchy" fascia
-Intramuscular connective tissue merges with dense connective tissue at each end of the muscle
to attach it to
bone
-Stronger/tougher than muscle (Small tendon can withstand tension developed by larger muscles)
What type of nerves innervate your muscles? correct answers Motor nerves/motor neurons
What is a motor unit? What determines the fiber:nerve ratio? correct answers -A motor unit is a
single motor nerve and all the fibers it innervates
-
What is the "all or none" principle? correct answers A motor unit contracts maximally or not at
all, which means that a muscle fiber contracts maximally or not at all
What is the principle of "gradation" and how does it affect movement? correct answers
Recruitment of either slow or fast twitch fibers is graded on size; slow twitch fibers recruited for
slow light weight movement; increase of weight and speed would recruit fast twitch fibers;
maximal force production requires all types of motor units to be used
-use slow first and then fast
What two factors determine the force of any given muscular contraction? correct answers The
threshold of activation and number of fibers
Which motor units are activated first? Do these units typically produce a small or large amount
of force? correct answers Motor units with a lower activation threshold are activated first and
they produce small amounts of force. (slow twitch)
Units that produce greater amounts of force have a ____ threshold of activation and a high
number of fibers. correct answers high
, The ramp-like recruitment seen during muscular contraction ensures that the easily fatigued,
____ twitch fibers are protected because the slow twitch fibers will always be recruited first.
correct answers fast
The functional capacity of a motor unit is determined by the type of ____ that make up the unit.
correct answers muscle fibers
Slow twitch fibers have a ____ speed of contraction and a ____ force production. correct
answers slow; low
Fast twitch fibers have a ____ speed of contraction and a ____ force production. correct answers
fast; high
Describe an intermediate fiber in terms of speed of contraction and force production. correct
answers Contract faster than slow twitch but slower than fast twitch. Also, they generate more
force than slow twitch but less force than fast twitch. More fatigue resistant than fast twitch, but
less than slow twitch (called fast twitch IIa)
Describe a "fiber continuum" that contains the 3 fiber types and their metabolic properties
correct answers slow twitch oxidative - slow twitch aerobic energy system
fast twitch IIa (fast oxidative glycotic) - fast twitch uses both aerobic and anaerobic energy
systems
fast twitch IIx (fast glycotic) - fast twitch fibers, uses anaerobic energy systems, phosphagen &
pc systems
How will fiber type vary among individuals? Within the same individual? correct answers
athletic event usually indicates predominate fiber composition of indivual ( e.g., endurance
(slow) vs power (fast))
fiber type varies in the same
person:
- Within the same
muscle
- Between
different muscles
(muscle fibers can vary within a muscle, however fibers within ind motor units are either fast
twitch or slow twitch)
Will training affect whether you have predominately slow twitch or fast twitch muscle fibers?
How does training affect muscle fibers? correct answers training cannot change composition of
muscle twitch fibers, they are gentically determined
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