Fluid and Electrolyte, blood & ABGs-chapter 19 (Evolve, notes) questions with correct answers
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Course
NCLEX RN
Institution
NCLEX RN
The nurse is admitting a patient with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. A bowel obstruction is suspected. The nurse assesses this patient for which of the following anticipated primary acid-base imbalances if the obstruction is high in the intestine?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Met...
Fluid and Electrolyte, blood & ABGs-chapter 19 (Evolve,
notes) questions with correct answers
The nurse is admitting a patient with complaints of abdominal pain,
nausea, and vomiting. A bowel obstruction is suspected. The nurse
assesses this patient for which of the following anticipated primary acid-
base imbalances if the obstruction is high in the intestine?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis Correct Answer-B. Because gastric secretions
are rich in hydrochloric acid, the patient who is vomiting will lose a
significant amount of gastric acid and be at an increased risk for
metabolic alkalosis.
Which of the following serum potassium results best supports the
rationale for administering a stat dose of potassium chloride 20 mmol in
250 mL of NSS over two hours?
A. 3.1 mmol/L
B. 3.9 mmol/L
C. 4.6 mmol/L
D. 5.3 mmol/L Correct Answer-A. The normal range for serum
potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L. This IV order provides a substantial
amount of potassium. Thus, the patient's potassium level must be low.
The lowest value shown is 3.1 mmol/L.
The nurse receives a physician's order to change a patient's IV from
D5½NS with 40 mmol KCl/L to D5NS with 20 mmol KCl/L. Which of
, the following serum laboratory values, documented on this same patient,
best supports the rationale for this IV order change?
A. Sodium 136 mmol/L, potassium 4.5 mmol/L
B. Sodium 145 mmol/L, potassium 4.8 mmol/L
C. Sodium 135 mmol/L, potassium 3.6 mmol/L
D. Sodium 144 mmol/L, potassium 3.7 mmol/L Correct Answer-A. The
normal range for serum sodium is 135 to 145 mmol/L, whereas the
normal range for potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L. The change in the IV
order decreases the amount of potassium and increases the amount of
sodium. Therefore, for this order to be appropriate, the potassium level
must be near the high end and the sodium level near the low end of their
respective ranges.
The nurse must prepare the correct IV solution before administration.
The order reads for the patient to receive D5½ NS with 40 mmol KCl/L
at 125 mL/hr. The nurse must add KCl to the IV because no premixed
solutions are available. The unit medication supply has a stock of KCl 3
mmol/mL in multidose vials. Which of the following amounts of KCl
should the nurse add to a litre of D5½ NS to obtain the correct solution?
A. 10 mL
B. 7.5 mL
C. 13.3 mL
D. 15 mL Correct Answer-C. 40 mEq/L (dose desired) ÷ 3 mmol/mL
(dose available) = 13.3 mL.
The nurse is caring for a patient admitted with an exacerbation of
asthma. After several treatments, the ABG results are pH 7.40, PaCO2
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