NURS 4020 Complete Final Exam with answers

NURS 4020 Complete Final Exam with answers


Hypocalcemia - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔less than 8.5



causes: hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption, renal failure, pancreatitis



s/sx: tachy, hypotension, bone pain cramps, parasthesias, tetany, chvostek, diarrhea, trousseau



tx: ca supplements, increased ca intake



Hypercalcemia - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔greater than 10.5



causes: hyperparathyroidism, excessive ca supplementation, thiazide diuretic



s/sx: HTN, lethargy, polyuria, polydipsia, decreased DTR, constipation, confusion, muscle weakness



Tx: dialysis, limit Ca intake, increase fiber



Hypomagnesemia - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔less than 1.5



causes: prolonged gastric suctioning, uncontrolled DM



S/Sx: weakness, dysrhythmias, HTN, increased DTR, respiratory depression, tetany, trousseaus,
chvostek, parasthesias



Tx: oral Mg, increase oral intake

,hypermanesemia - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔more than 2.5



causes: renal insufficiency, excess consumption or IV intake



s/sx: hypotension, bradycardia, CNS depression, coma, respiratory distress, flushing, decreased DTR



Tx: dialysis, restrict Mg in diet, loop diuretics



Hypophosphatemia - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔less than 2.5



reverse symptoms of calcium



s/sx: confusion, weakness, decreased DTRs



Hyperphosphatemia - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔greater than 4.5



s/sx: tetany, chvostek, trousseau



Hypokalemia - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔less that 3.5



causes: potassium wasting diuretics, vomiting and diarrhea, strenous activity



s/sx: confusion, hypoactive bowel, lethargy, weakness, limp, polyuria, constipation, cramps,
bradycardia, hypotension, PVCs, dysrhythmias



tx: increase in diet, oral potassium, parenteral



NEVER IV BOLUS POTASSIUM

,Hyperkalemia - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔greater than 5



causes: excessive intake, potassium-sparing diuretics, kidney failure



s/sx: muscle twitching, bradycardia, hypotension, PVCs, dysrhythmias, irritability, paresthesias,
oliguria, diarrhea, fatigue, cramping,



tx: IV dextrose with regular insuling, lasix, calcium gluconate kayexalate



hypervolemia - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔HTN

bounding pulse

JVD

oliguria

confusion

fatigue

dyspnea

edema



hypovolemia - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔hypotension

weak, rapid pulse

flattened neck veins

n/v

confusion

lethargy

HA

dizziness

muscle cramps/ weakness

twitching

, Hyponatremia - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔less than 135



causes: burns, high ADH, excessive dilution with IV fluids



s/sx: seizures, abdominal distress (n/v, cramping), hypotension, tachycardia, hypothermia,
confusion, weak, lethargy



tx: treat underlying cause, loop diuretics, NaCl



Hypernatremia - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔greater than 145



causes: kidney damage, excess IV fluids with NaCl, excess intake, hypertonic enteral feedings,
diarrhea, burns



s/sx:seizures, abdominal distress (n/v, cramps), hypotension, tachycarida, dehydration, agitated, fluid
retention, fever



Cushing's disease pathophysiology - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔hypercortisolism



excess secretion of cortisol from adrenal cortex

-caused by adrenal cortex, anterior pituitary, hypothalamus



increases total body fat from slow turnover of fatty acids



increase break down of tissue protein leads to decreased muscle mass



decreased lymphocytes leads to increased risk for infection



Cushing's disease s/sx - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔moon face