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NMNC 4320 Final Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025

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nmnc 4320 final exam questions answers

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NMNC 4320 Final Exam Questions &
Answers 2024/2025

Ethics - ANSWERSThe values, virtues, principles, and policies that guide the moral delivery of health care.

Ethics in Nursing - ANSWERSDiscipline in which norms are explored, discussed, and evaluated; Academic
exercise where nurses do research and think about ethics in nursing.

Normative Ethics - ANSWERSStudy of ethical behavior, how one should act in a moral sense, and
standards that regulate right and wrong conduct.

Meta Ethics - ANSWERSStudy of nature and meaning of moral judgement, trying to understand what
right and wrong actually mean.

Applied/Personal Ethics - ANSWERSPractical application of moral considerations, usually controversial.

Beneficence - ANSWERSDo good and the right thing for the patient.

Autonomy - ANSWERSRespecting a patient's decision, regardless of what their decision is.

Paternalism - ANSWERSProvider or nurse doesn't respect the wishes of the patient b/c the provider
believes that since they're the professional, they know what's best and can make the better decision.

Beneficence and Autonomy are at risk for - ANSWERSPaternalism

Non-Maleficence - ANSWERSAvoid causing harm; focused on standards of care and competence.

Accountability - ANSWERSAccepting responsibility for one's actions.

,Fidelity - ANSWERSFaithful and true to professional responsibilities; keeping promises to our patients.

Justice - ANSWERSBe impartial and fair; ensuring costs and benefits are fairly distributed.

Veracity - ANSWERSTelling the truth

What are the categories of Ethics? - ANSWERS- Social

- Organizational

- Professional

- Personal

Social Category of Ethics - ANSWERSBehavior that's accepted and practiced by a group; Influenced by
laws and regulations.

The basis of acceptable and unacceptable behavior is determined by the overall group.

Organizational Category of Ethics - ANSWERSDefined by formal and informal values, principles, and
systems of an organization; Values are expressed to members and outside entities and guide the actions
of the organization regardless of laws or regulations.

EX: Wells Fargo fake accounts, Medicaid fraud

Professional Category of Ethics - ANSWERSPersonal and professional standards of a particular profession;
specialized skills and knowledge that serve the public have a moral aspect.

Personal Category of Ethics - ANSWERSValues a person identifies with in respect to peoples and
situations in their everyday life

T/F: Professional and Personal Ethics can clash and cause moral conflict. - ANSWERSTrue.

Bioethics - ANSWERSEthical issues emerging from advances in life sciences, biotechnology, and medicine.

,Research Ethics - ANSWERSSubset of bioethics; concerned with research.

Clinical Ethics - ANSWERSPractical discipline that provides a structured approach to assist health
professionals in identifying, analyzing, and resolving ethical issues that arise in clinical practice.

EX: Ethics departments that can help provide expert opinion on ethical issues that come up in practice.

ANA - ANSWERSProfessional organization who wrote Nursing Code of Ethics; Hold enormous influence
on nursing profession.

ANCC (American Nurses Credentialing Center) - ANSWERSAwards national certifications

ANA Code of Ethics - ANSWERSThe nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and
respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by
considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems.

Guides the profession in self-regulation and provides a framework for ethical decision making.

ANA Code of Ethics Structure - ANSWERSProvisions 1-3: Direct care, fundamental nursing values

Provisions 4-6: Individual responsibility in practice, promotion of safe, quality care

Provisions 7-9: Advancing the profession, global healthcare

What are the side effects of Ethical dilemma? - ANSWERS- Uncertainty with choices

- Poorer care quality

- Relationships with colleagues suffer

- Discipline

- Litigation

- Moral distress

Moral distress - ANSWERSoccurs when the individual knows the right thing to do but organizational
constraints make it difficult to take the right course of action.

, Moral residue - ANSWERSBuild up of moral distress; causing loss of moral identity and leads to burnout

How does a nurse do a good job? - ANSWERS- Know ANA Code of Ethics

- Know who, how, and when to ask for help

- Find a workplace that matches your values

- Self-care

- Advocacy

- Resources

- AACN 4A's

- The Moral Distress Education Project

- Employee counseling services

What are Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development? - ANSWERSPreconventional (<6 y/o)

Conventional (7-11 y/o)

Post-conventional (>11 y/o)

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development - ANSWERSProcess of determining the difference between right
and wrong by using logic and is a necessary condition for ethical behavior. Does NOT address degree of
morality.

Level 1: Preconventional Stage(<6 y/o) - ANSWERSStep 1: Punishment and obedience orientation

Obey rules to avoid punishment

Step 2: Moral behavior defined by what's in the person's best interests

Level 2: Conventional stage (7-11 y/o) - ANSWERSStep 3: Self enters society by conforming to social
standards; Moral decisions based on consequences of actions in terms of relationships. Person is good in
order to be seen by others as good.

Step 4: Moral behavior defined by outside forces; one must follow rules in order to maintain a functional
society. Individual approval becomes less important - upholding social order is key.

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Exam (elaborations)

NMNC 4320 Final Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025

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