NCSF Certified Personal Trainer Exam - Chapter
1 Functional Anatomy CORRECT QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
Osteopenia - ANSWER Refers to bone mineral density (BMD) that is lower than normal peak BMD but
not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis - ANSWER Irreversible decrease in mineralized bony tissue.
Appositional growth - ANSWER Growth by the addition of new layers on those previously former.
Characteristic of tissue former of rigid materials.
Endochondral growth - ANSWER Process of bone formation whereby a cartilage model is replaced by
bone.
Epiphyseal plates - ANSWER Transverse cartilage plate near the end of a child's bone responsible for
growth in length of the bone.
Bone mass - ANSWER The volume of bone in the body measured by mineral content
Bone mineral density - ANSWER The mineral content in a given volume of bone, used as a measure of
bony health and in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
Joint - ANSWER A point of articulation between two of more bones, especially such a connection that
allows motion.
Fibrous joints - ANSWER Consist of two bones that are united by fibrous tissue and exhibit little or no
movement.
Cartilaginous joint - ANSWER Unites two bones by means of either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
, Synovial joints - ANSWER Contain synovial fluid and allow for considerable movement between
articulating bones.
Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER A tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body,
such as the joints, outer ear, larynx.
Fibrocartilage - ANSWER Cartilage that allows for greater movement capabilities due to its flexible
nature.
Articular discs - ANSWER A plate or ring of fibrocartilage attached to the joint capsule and separating the
articular surfaces of the bones.
Joint capsule - ANSWER A sac enclosing a joint, formed by an outer fibrous membrane and an inner
synovial membrane
Periosteum - ANSWER The dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones except at the joints
and serving as an attachment for muscles and tendons
Ligaments - ANSWER Tough fibrous band of connective tissue that supports internal organs and holds
bones together properly in joints.
Tendons - ANSWER A tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.
Synovial membrane - ANSWER A layer of connective tissue which lines the joint and produces synovial
fluid.
Bursa - ANSWER A bursa is a tiny fluid-filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction
between tissues of the body.
Hypermobility - ANSWER Describes joints that stretch further than is normal.
1 Functional Anatomy CORRECT QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
Osteopenia - ANSWER Refers to bone mineral density (BMD) that is lower than normal peak BMD but
not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis - ANSWER Irreversible decrease in mineralized bony tissue.
Appositional growth - ANSWER Growth by the addition of new layers on those previously former.
Characteristic of tissue former of rigid materials.
Endochondral growth - ANSWER Process of bone formation whereby a cartilage model is replaced by
bone.
Epiphyseal plates - ANSWER Transverse cartilage plate near the end of a child's bone responsible for
growth in length of the bone.
Bone mass - ANSWER The volume of bone in the body measured by mineral content
Bone mineral density - ANSWER The mineral content in a given volume of bone, used as a measure of
bony health and in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
Joint - ANSWER A point of articulation between two of more bones, especially such a connection that
allows motion.
Fibrous joints - ANSWER Consist of two bones that are united by fibrous tissue and exhibit little or no
movement.
Cartilaginous joint - ANSWER Unites two bones by means of either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
, Synovial joints - ANSWER Contain synovial fluid and allow for considerable movement between
articulating bones.
Hyaline cartilage - ANSWER A tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body,
such as the joints, outer ear, larynx.
Fibrocartilage - ANSWER Cartilage that allows for greater movement capabilities due to its flexible
nature.
Articular discs - ANSWER A plate or ring of fibrocartilage attached to the joint capsule and separating the
articular surfaces of the bones.
Joint capsule - ANSWER A sac enclosing a joint, formed by an outer fibrous membrane and an inner
synovial membrane
Periosteum - ANSWER The dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones except at the joints
and serving as an attachment for muscles and tendons
Ligaments - ANSWER Tough fibrous band of connective tissue that supports internal organs and holds
bones together properly in joints.
Tendons - ANSWER A tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.
Synovial membrane - ANSWER A layer of connective tissue which lines the joint and produces synovial
fluid.
Bursa - ANSWER A bursa is a tiny fluid-filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction
between tissues of the body.
Hypermobility - ANSWER Describes joints that stretch further than is normal.
