SHS 465 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS PASS GUARANTEED
LATEST UPDATE
What are aspects crucial to pragmatic competence? - Answer- Non - egocentrism
(perspective taking)
- early routines (please & thank you; this is taught)
- Requests
- Conversation skill (turn taking, topic maintenance, giving and receiving feedback)
How do children acquire pragmatic skill? - Answer- - Parent input
+ prompt "What do you say"
+ Modeling "child says it wrong, parent repeats in correct form"
+ reinforcement
+ direct address "thats a bad word. we don't say that"
+ evaluation "she told her address all by herself"
methods used to study the effects of language enviornment - Answer- - experimental
studies
- time 2 studies
- time 1 vs. time 2 studies
experimental method address language environment - Answer- Created an
experimental environment to measure/control frequency of presentation, rate of
presentation, and generalization of language
language environment study methods time 1... - Answer- - attempted to determine a
positive, negative, or nonexistent relationship with certain speech aspects between
children and parents
- however, could not conclude causality from correlations
time 1 v. time 2 methods - Answer- correlating the adult language at time 1 with child's
language at time 2
The Schwartz & Terrell study on early word learning - Answer- found that initially rate
was a stronger influence, but that frequency eventually led to a higher rate of naming
words
, What are the 2 first word combinations that children understand - Answer- action object
possessor possessed
Principle of continuity - Answer- semantic bootstrapping- kids automatically use
syntactic categories that are inferred from semantic relations
"Action based" semantic relations - Answer- agent and action
action and location
action and object
T/F
The Schwartz and Terrell study on early word learning found that initially rate was a
stronger influence, but that frequency eventually led to a higher rate of naming words -
Answer- True
Proposal given in class of the occurrence of transitional disfluencies - Answer-
Transitional Disfluency may result from a processing bottleneck created by a child
acquiring several aspects of grammar at hte same time
5 atypical patterns shown by children with problems in developmental phonology -
Answer- lack of fricatives
problems with velar consonants
errors across many phonemes (gross inclusion)
unique sounds
prosodic problems
Cultural attitudes towards infants? - Answer- mohave: fetus is born capable of
understanding adult lang
samoan: rules of etiquette restrict parents from speaking to young infants
javanese: infants are not yet human
Snow's hypothesis - Answer- Infants are conversational partners
Proto-dialogues - Answer- Child:
responds to commands
responds to statements
imitates
initiates
uses proto question
How to study effects of environment? - Answer- 3 approaches
Experimental studies
Time 2 studies: comparing adult usage w/ child usage at a single point in time
Time 1 vs Time 2 studies: compare adult lang at Time 1 w/ child language at Time 2
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