SHS 465 Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and Answers All Correct
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Course
SHS 465
Institution
SHS 465
SHS 465 Exam 1 Study Guide Questions and Answers All Correct
What are signs of communicative intent? - Answer- -initiation of conversation
-Gestures and pointing • "there", or "there-there-there"
-used as a proto-word to initiate "conversation"
When does joint attention emerge? Give an e...
SHS 465 Exam 1 Study Guide Questions
and Answers All Correct
What are signs of communicative intent? - Answer- -initiation of conversation
-Gestures and pointing • "there", or "there-there-there"
-used as a proto-word to initiate "conversation"
When does joint attention emerge? Give an example of how this aids language learning.
- Answer- -9 months.
-Children are able to influence and manipulate the world around them which facilitates
learning. Joint attention is applied to objects and labels
Schwartz & Terrell (1983) - Answer- -Method: 16 nonsense words, 10 sessions, 16
weeks; 2 exemplars for each word
-Rate of presentation is initially more important, then frequency
Della Corta, Benedict & Klein (1983) - Answer- -Method: Time 1 vs. Time 2 study, with a
wide range of language measures
-Referential mothers talk more, and use more descriptive lang
Furrow, Nelson & Benedict (1979) - Answer- -Method: Time 1 vs. Time 2 study, with a
wide range of language measures
-Adult lang should be at an intermediate level of complexity. Too complex means kids
don't understand and learn grammar. Too simple means kids don't absorb all aspects of
grammar
Boege (1981) - Answer- Teachers address disabled children with more complex MLU
and syntax
Nelson & Baker (1984) - Answer- Found that later structures can be acquired earlier
with increased exposure.
Learning can be influenced by child learning style (imitator vs non-imitator), child
readiness, and adult responses
Learning can be enhanced or impeded by variables such as: - Answer- • Frequency and
rate
• Different parental speech styles
• Level of complexity
, • Style of interaction
Methods to study perception in infants - Answer- -Sucking rate→ below 6 mos
-Heart rate→ below 6 mos
-Head turn→ 6 mos
What is the Habituation paradigm? - Answer- -Habituation is a basic function of the CNS
-Repetition of a stimulus results in habituation
-New stimulus results in dishabituation
What infant behaviors are observed for habituation in infants < 6 mos.? - Answer-
Sucking rate and heart rate
What behavior is used in infants >6 mos.? - Answer- Head turn
From birth - 9 mos., what sounds do infants prefer (name 4)
Jusczyk study - Answer- -Their name
-Mother's voice
-Native LangFrequent -Phonotactics (possible phoneme sequences of their lang)
Universal theory - Answer- -Infants can perceive all phonological sounds of all
languages
-Universal Grammar is considered to contain all the grammatical information needed to
combine these categories, e.g. noun and verb, into phrases. The child's task is just to
learn the words of her language (Ambridge & Lieven).
For example, according to the Universal Grammar account, children instinctively know
how to combine a noun (e.g. a boy) and a verb (to eat) into a meaningful, correct phrase
(A boy eats).
Assimilation in phonological acquisition - Answer- We will assimilate phonemes we are
unfamiliar with into phonemes in our language
Phonemic deafness - Answer- -We use prelexical representations to perceive all speech
-functionally deaf to different sounds when its not in your language
Why are infants so good at perception? - Answer- -Aids in phonological perception
-Word segmentation
-tatistical learning
-other cognitive skills
a. Categorization
b. Selectiveattention
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