EDF 6222 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2024/2025 UPDATE
The problem with praise is __________verbal praise. If no pre-existing relationship
(think stimulus control) exists between you and a child (or anyone for that matter), your
words are mostly meaningless. Let us say you DO have a relationship with the child -
verbal praise for something that was not________________ is likely to have reverse
effects. Typically (though not always) when you are administering verbal praise when it
is not warranted, it tends to be_________________ . Specific,______________ , and
warranted praise is the kind we need to increase. And if it always follows these
guidelines, do not worry about doing it too much - there is really no such thing. -
Answer- empty, warranted, generic, immediate
Unfortunately, social media has disseminated many articles that suggest excessive
praise is children and shaping behaviors that promote "helplessness", "unnecessarily
high egos", and "unaccountability in children". However, it is not too much praise that is
the problem. According to research mentioned throughout Scheider's book, we should
aim to maintain a : ratio of positive to negative verbal behavior (verbal behavior - not
just vocal!) - Answer- spoiling, 5, 1
Parenting can be difficult for many reasons. As Kazdin and Rotell explained, parents are
faced with decisions that have immediate or long-term effects and possible side effects
of their choices. Although the unwanted behavior and finding ways to encourage its
positive opposite will be most effective in the long run, this approach doesn't always
satisfy the overwhelming short-term urge to act now. Schneider reminded us that
refraining from this impulse can reduce serious behaviors such as vandalism, tantrums,
and . - Answer- ignoring, self-injury
Our verbal repertoires tend not to be fluent with identifying what people are doing
correctly. We are far quicker to provide negative feedback (which usually serves as
__________________ ) than to offer specific praise or directives on what to do correctly
(which usually serves as _________________ ). But remember, this does nothing to
_________________ an appropriate repertoire and in general is not very nice! -
Answer- punishment, reinforcement, increase
"Few of us give or receive enough praise. Yet something so simple can save a
marriage, or just help someone get through the day" (p. 161) - Answer- Schneider's
intent for the entire book
, We should aim to maintain a ______ ratio of positive to negative verbal behavior (verbal
behavior - not just vocal!) - Answer- 5:1
where parents adopt "errorless learning" in all aspects of parenting. - Answer-
"helicopter parenting"
Self-control can be aided by - Answer- self-monitoring
(T/F):learners achieve more success by discovering truths by naturally and physically
exploring the real world. The real world is not an effective teacher. - Answer- False
Henkel says her students' memories were because relying on an external memory aid
means you subconsciously count on the camera to remember the details for you.
Behaviorally, this means that our was placed on the camera, instead of the image we
were trying to capture - Answer- impaired, cognitive processing
When one schedule is substantially than the other, only that one supports observing. -
Answer- thicker
"When we focus our attention on each other, another role becomes evident: is a
powerful consequence in itself. Among friends, attention is a associated with all sorts of
other good things." - Answer- attention, generalized reinforcer
Hart and Risley (1995) demonstrated that although children from different backgrounds
typically develop language around the same age, the rate of vocabulary growth is
related to the to the children by their parents. By age four, a child from a welfare-
recipient family could have heard million fewer words than a classmate from a
professional family. - Answer- number of words spoke, 32
The US Office of Technology Assessment estimates that only of modern medical
treatments in common use have been proved as effective . - Answer- 1/5th
Fryling et al. established an -based intervention for food selectivity using the sequence.
Benefits of this intervention included that it was to implement, that parents were much
more comfortable implementing this intervention, and that increased food acceptance to
other environments. - Answer- antecedent, high-p, easy, generalization
Moore reviewed how some of the very first human applications of operant conditioning
actually derived from those diagnosed with a - Answer- mental illness
Tradition viewpoints to serving the mentally ill often involve __________ explanations of
______________ causes(such as malfunctions of the body) that are only inferred by
observable behavior. In other words, mental illnesses are caused by something inside
the person - an underlying pathology much like we consider with other medical
conditions caused by bacteria or virus. From the viewpoint of behavior analysis, of
