EDF 6222 Midterm Guided
Notes with Complete
Solutions
Meanings of words are actually contingencies that have been shaped by the listener
and their __________. The repertoires between the speaker and the listener are
different unlike psychological views of "meaning" in which we "impart" our knowledge to
the _________. - Answer- responses; listener
Something peculiar occurs when we record or write our language - the entire
_____________ is unavailable. Examining written sentences and linguistic limericks are
irrelevant, because they are not reflective of a relevant analysis - Answer- behavior
analysis
More complex language (sentences, etc.) can simply be explained by ______________,
as opposed to referent. Referents often mean that every term must have an entity to
which it corresponds (Moore, p. 35). This is problematic, as it unleashes a plethora of
___________ explanations. Again, sticking with parsimony, we see that the stimuli in
the environment fashion under which circumstances particular verbal behavior will
occur. - Answer- stimulus control; mentalistic
________ created precision teaching that adhered to BF Skinner's rate of response and
cumulative response recording to measure behavior. - Answer- Lindsley
Lindsley reviewed the impression that the rate of response (or - more simply and
allowable - frequency) had on him, indicating that it was "much more than Skinner's
____________ " it was actually "a _________ of behavior" (p.254). - Answer- universal
datum; dimension
Lindsley (see also Johnston & Pennypacker, 1980) stressed that frequency data was
___ to ___ times more sensitive to programming changes than percentage correct. -
Answer- 10; 100
Precision teaching is a method that adjusts the ________ for each learner to maximize
learning based on their own celeration chart. Lindsley aimed to put "________ in the
hands of students and teachers" and created the standard celebration chart, a
, ___________ chart that visually aligns learner goals and progress with fluency (Binder,
1989, p.12). - Answer- curricula; science; logarithmic
"A well-designed lesson can be highly ___________ not because students are getting
rewards, but simply because they are frequently able to demonstrate their _________".
- Answer- reinforcing; knowledge
When we say that __________ is a function of the environment, the term "environment"
means any event in the universe capable of __________ the organism . . .a small part
of this universe is ________ (Skinner, 1953, p.257). - Answer- behavior; effecting;
private
Skinner asserted that ________ events only differ from overt events based on their
______________. They are not special in structure or nature. - Answer- private;
accessibility
Private events do come with skepticism - as they should. We mistrust
_______________ to private events because we cannot always establish their truth. -
Answer- verbal responses
Skinner mentions three different kinds of internal stimuli. _____________ which are
stimuli related to the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems. This would include
a racing heart or a growling stomach. _______________ stimuli, which are identified by
the position and movement of the body in space and by the position and movement of
parts of the body with respect other parts. Typically, we respond to these stimuli in
combination with _____________ stimuli, which are concerned with seeing, hearing,
tasting, smelling, and feeling in respect to the world around us, but it also helps shape
how we discuss and observe our own body. - Answer- Introceptive; Proprioceptive;
exteroceptive
Skinner discussed many other conditions in which the community can shape responses
to - at the risk of being _________ at times. These include: probable behavior,
___________ behavior (where we rely on current events and our senses that allow
verification. For example, when you state, "Did you feel that?" referring to an
earthquake), past behavior (where we use vocabulary acquired from __________
behavior but the speaker must have had the experience of being present in the past.
For example, when asked, "Where did you go yesterday?" the person can reply, "I went
to the movies"), _________ behavior (covert behavior is discussed in depth in Science
and Human Behavior, but is essentially describing _________ conditions associated
with _______ behavior, but not necessarily generated by it. For example the question,
"What are you thinking?"), and future behavior (future behavior is another difficult realm,
as it could mea - Answer- incorrect; perceptual; current; covert; private; public; covert
Hefferline and Keenan (as cited in Moore, 2015) described a scenario in which rewards
were given to participants based on the __________ of their thumb muscle. This
tension was so miniscule, the movement was not visible by the naked eye.
