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NSG 6430 week1 questions with correct answers
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NSG 6430 week1 questions with correct answers
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NSG 6430 week1 questions with correct answersWhat 3 hormonal axes are attributed to most physical changes in
adolescents? Correct Answer-1) Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)
axis
2) Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)
3) Growth hormone (GH) axis
What hormones are attributed to Hypothalamic-pituitary-GONADAL
(HPG) axis? Correct Answer-1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH), also called luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)
2. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
3. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
4. Estrogen
5. Testosterone
What hormones are attributed to Hypothalamic-pituitary-ADRENAL
axis (HPA)? Correct Answer-1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
2. Dehydroepiandrosterone (ACTH)
3. DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S)
What hormones are attributed to Growth hormone (GH)?axis Correct
Answer-1. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
2. Growth hormone (GH)
3. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
,What is thought to be three distinct changes in the hypothalamic-
pituitary unit that may trigger puberty? Correct Answer-three distinct
changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary unit:
(1) a nocturnal sleep-related augmentation of pulsatile LH secretion;
(2) a decrease in the sensitivity of the hypothalamus and the pituitary to
estradiol and testosterone, so that the gonadotropins LH and FSH begin
to increase; and
(3) in the female, development of a positive feedback system, whereby
critical levels of estrogen trigger a large release of GnRH, stimulating
LH to initiate ovulation.
What scale allows for the accurate classification of physical pubertal
maturation Correct Answer-Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR) scale (also
called the Tanner scale)
Girls major events of puberty Correct Answer-1. Thelarche
2. Growth Spurt
3. Menarche
Thelarche Correct Answer-Often the earliest physical sign of puberty in
girls, although a minority develop pubic hair as the first sign. On
average, breast development starts at age 10.0 for Caucasian girls and
8.9 years for African-American girls
Growth Spurt Correct Answer-Thelarche and pubarche (pubic hair) may
both be preceded by about 1 year by the growth spurt; thus the growth
curve is an essential tool in the evaluation of precocious puberty.
,Menarche Correct Answer-This event usually occurs during SMR B3 or
B4 and about 3.3 years after the growth spurt, or roughly 2 years after
breast budding.
What is the average length of time for completion of puberty ? Correct
Answer-4 years, but it can range from 1.5 to 8 years
What is the first physical sign of puberty in the majority of boys ?
Correct Answer-Testicular Growth: The first physical sign of puberty in
the majority of boys is increased testicular volume, although the most
noticeable first event of male puberty is the growth of pubic hair
What are other signs of male puberty? Correct Answer-2. Growth Spurt:
Midpuberty, or the time of rising testosterone concentrations, is
associated with the period of most rapid linear growth in boys, in
contrast to the early growth spurt in girls. It is also at this time that the
voice changes axillary hair appears, and possibly also acne. Facial hair
growth typically starts about 3 years after pubic hair growth. The hair on
the face, chest, back, and abdomen may continue to appear throughout
and beyond puberty into adulthood, its amount and distribution being
quite variable and dependent on ethnicity and family patterns.
3. Attainment of Fertility: Ejaculation usually occurs at SMR G3, as
does the first evidence of spermarche, but fertility is not usually attained
until SMR G4.
, What is the average length of time for completion of puberty for boys?
Correct Answer-average length of time for the completion of puberty is
3 years, but it can range from 2 to 5 years.
Genital development is initiated at about 10.1 years for white boys, 9.5
years for African-American boys, and 10.4 years for Mexican-American
boys, with completion of puberty at 15.9 years in white boys, 15.7 years
in African-American boys, and 14.9 years in Mexican-American boys.
Gonadal Steroids Correct Answer-The target tissues of LH and FSH are
the ovaries and testes, which produce estradiol and testosterone,
respectively. Testicular Leydig cells also produce androstenedione,
dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol, but to a much lesser extent.
Estrogen. Correct Answer-Estradiol from the ovary accounts for the
majority of the circulating estrogens, although there is a small amount of
extraovarian conversion from androstenedione and testosterone. In
addition to stimulating breast growth and maturation of the vaginal
mucosa, estrogen has been found to have a major impact on the skeleton,
being the primary hormone responsible for epiphyseal closure.
Testosterone. Correct Answer-The testes produce most of the circulating
testosterone, but a small amount comes from extratesticular conversion
of the adrenal hormone androstenedione in both males and females.
Testosterone is responsible for the voice change in males and the
attainment of male body habitus, while dihydrotestosterone, the product
of conversion of testosterone by 5a-reductase, causes growth of the
phallus and prostate.
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