USAHS Pathophysiology Unit 5 Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers
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Course
USAHS Pathophysiology
Institution
USAHS Pathophysiology
USAHS Pathophysiology Unit 5 Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers
What are the main target tissues of insulin? - Answer- Striated muscle and adipose tissue and liver
Glucagon helps promote what two processes? - Answer- Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis
The insulin-to-glucagon ratio hel...
USAHS Pathophysiology Unit 5
Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
What are the main target tissues of insulin? - Answer- Striated muscle and adipose
tissue and liver
Glucagon helps promote what two processes? - Answer- Glycogenolysis and
Gluconeogenesis
The insulin-to-glucagon ratio helps regulate... - Answer- Homeostasis
What is type 1 diabetes caused by? - Answer- Caused by lack of insulin secretion. This
is caused due to an autoimmune reaction.
What is type 2 diabetes caused by? - Answer- Caused by decreased sensitivity of target
tissues to the metabolic effect of insulin and insulin deficiency. This reduced sensitivity
to insulin is often called insulin resistance.
Gestational Diabetes - Answer- Develops in pregnant women who have never had
diabetes.
What are the signs/symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus? - Answer- Hyperglycemia
Osmotic diuresis and polyuria - glucose in urine (glucosuria) and excessive urination
(polyuria)
Polydipsia (increased thirst)
Polyphagia (excessive eating)
Blurred vision
Sudden weight loss
Fatigue
DKA (Diabetic ketoacidosis, fruity odor in mouth)
What are the signs/symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus? - Answer- Hyperglycemia
(high blood glucose), polyuria(increased urine secretion), polydipsia (excessive
thirst),polyphagia (excessive eating), fatigue, blurred vision,excessive weight loss,
numbness, tingling of feet or hands,wounds that don't hea
What are the complications of diabetes mellitus? - Answer- 1. Blood vessels disease
2. Polyneuropathy
3. Kidney Damage
, 4. Eye damage
Blood Vessels Disease (due to diabetes) - Answer- Atherosclerosis and increasing the
risk of heart attack
Polyneuropathy (due to diabetes) - Answer- Damage to nerves can result in pain,
tingling, numbness, loss of sensation, ulcers
Kidney Damage (due to diabetes) - Answer- Loss of nephrons
Eye damage (due to diabetes) - Answer- Can increase risk for cataract and glaucoma,
damage of blood vessels to retina leading to blindness
What is metabolic syndrome? - Answer- Combination of type 2 diabetes, obesity,
atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure
Diagnostic criteria for Metabolic Syndrome - Answer- At least three of the following:
- Central obesity (waist) >40" male, >35" female
- Blood pressure >130/85 mm Hg
- Fasting blood glucose >110 mg/dL
- Elevated fasting plasma triglyceride levels (>150mg/dL)
- Low plasma HDL-C levels (normal = 40-60 mg/dL)
Which hormone is know as the stress hormone? - Answer- Cortisol
Is cortisol high in the morning or at night? - Answer- High in the morning
Cushing's disease vs. Cushing's syndrome - Answer- Cushing's disease: When a
pituitary tumor autonomously secretes ACTH, Secondary hypercortisolism
Cushing's syndrome: Too much cortisol for a long period of time, iatrogenic (physician-
caused) hypercortisolism
Primary Hypercortisolism - Answer- An adrenal tumor that autonomously secretes
cortisol.
Addison's Disease - Answer- Hypocortisolism - Hyposecretion of adrenal hormones
(cortisol and aldosterone)
Symptoms of Cushing's Disease - Answer- - "Moon face" w/ red cheeks
- Abdominal fat with striations
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypertension
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