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Psychology 201-Research methods questions with correct answers
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Psychology 201-Research methods questions with correct answers
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Psychology 201-Research methods questions withcorrect answers
Null Hypothesis Correct Answer-Assume no effect, no interaction, no
correlation...
Alpha level Correct Answer-Typically set to 0.05 or 0.01; A value
determined in advance by researchers to use as a cut off to accept or
reject the null hypothesis
How does the alpha level affect your decision about the null hypothesis?
Correct Answer-reject null hypothesis when probability is less than
alpha, accept when the probability is greater than or equal to alpha
Type 1 error Correct Answer-false positive; reject null hypothesis when
there isn't an effect (null hypothesis is true yet we reject)
Type 2 error Correct Answer-false negative; fail to reject null hypothesis
when there is an effect (null hypothesis is false yet we fail to reject); a
miss
How do you avoid Type 1 and Type 2 error? Correct Answer-Type 1:
use smaller alpha; Type 2: use larger alpha; larger sample size
How are Type 1 and Type 2 error connected? Correct Answer-As Type
1 increase, Type 2 decreases, and vice verse.
,Variable Correct Answer-An attribute that varies, having as least two
levels, or values
Levels Correct Answer-States of a variable that can be used as measures
Constant Correct Answer-Unchanging aspect of a subject (race, sex) that
is not controlled but can vary throughout a population or sample
Measured Variable Correct Answer-The variable that is measured or
recorded
Manipulated variable Correct Answer-The variable that is controlled by
the experimenter
Conceptual variables Correct Answer-abstract concepts that are not
easily measured
Conceptual definitions Correct Answer-researcher's definition of the
variable at a theoretical level; defined as part of a formal statement of a
psychological theory; Construct
operational variables Correct Answer-Concrete measurable variables
based off of conceptual definitions of conceptual variables
Operational definition Correct Answer-researcher's method of measuring
the conceptual variable
, Claim Correct Answer-argument made by an individual or group about
the result of a study
Frequency claims Correct Answer-describe numerical rate of occurrence
of some trait or behaviour in a population; based on studies where
variables are measured but not manipulated; focus on one variable;
external validity crucial
Association claims Correct Answer-argument that one variable's level
correlates to another variable's level; correlational study; construct and
statistical validity crucial
Correlation Correct Answer-one variable has an affect on another
Correlational study Correct Answer-two or more measured variables;
can support association claims
Positive association Correct Answer-one variable increases as another
increases
Negative association Correct Answer-one variable increases as another
decreases
Causal claims Correct Answer-argument that one variable directly
causes a change in another
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