TESTBANK fi fi fi
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Test Bank for Foundations of Mental Health Care
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8th Edition
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TESTBANK fi
, Michelle Morrison-Valfre: Foundations of Mental Health Care 8th Edition
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Chapter 01: The History of Mental Care
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MULTIPLE CHOICE fi
1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the irratio
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nal soul could be compared with the belief of the more recent psychological theorist:
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a. Freud
b. Pinel
c. Fisher
d. Rush
ANS: A fi
Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outsi
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de the personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human be
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ings in need of medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse who cared fo
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r the mentally ill, and Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases of the Mind.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
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REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 fi fi fi f i
TOP: Early Years of Mental Health fi fi fi fi fi
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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2. During the mid- fi fi
1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately recorded by profe
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ssionals. This practice led to fi fi fi fi
for different abnormal fi fi fi
behaviors.
a. Classifications
b. Diagnosing
c. Treatment
d. Education
ANS: A fi
Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of more accu
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rate recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education reg
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arding mental health disorders were not available during this period.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 5 OBJ: 3 fi fi fi f i
TOP: Mental Illness During the Renaissance fi fi fi fi fi
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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3. During the latter part of the eighteenth century, psychiatry became a separate branch of me
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dicine, and inhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director:
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a. Dix
b. Beers
c. Pinel
d. Carter
ANS: C fi
, Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of the mentally ill, as well as proper treatment. Dorothea Di
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x crusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book A Mind T
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hat Found Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s Commission on Mental H
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ealth in 1978. fi fi
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 5 OBJ: 4 fi fi fi f i
TOP: Mental Illness in the Eighteenth Century fi fi fi fi fi fi
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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4. In 1841, fi
surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United St fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi
ates, Canada, and Scotland and is credited with bringing about public awareness and reform for t
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he care of the mentally ill.
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a. Sigmund Freud fi
b. John Cade fi
c. Florence Nightingale fi
d. Dorothea Dix fi
ANS: D fi
Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities that housed mentally ill individuals and is credit
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ed with major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of
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psychoanalysis, John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar disorder, fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi
and Florence Nightingale trained nurses in England in the 1800s.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 6 OBJ: 4 fi fi fi f i
TOP: Mental Illness in the Nineteenth Century fi fi fi fi fi fi
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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5. As a direct result of CliffordN
Be eRr s ’ I
worG
k a nBd .b oCo k ,MA Mind That Found Itself, the Committeefo
U 1909 with a focus on prevention of mental illness and:
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r Mental Hygiene was formed in
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a. Earlydetection of symptoms of mental illness fi fi fi fi fi fi
b. Education of caregivers fi fi
c. Current treatment options fi fi
d. Removing the stigma attached to mental illness fi fi fi fi fi fi
ANS: D fi
Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he rece
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ived for the next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the consciousness of
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people throughout the country regarding prevention and removal of the stigma of having a ment
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al illness. Early detection of symptoms, education of caregivers, and current treatment options re
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garding mental illness were not the focus of his book, nor were they a priority for the Committe
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e for Mental Hygiene.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 6 OBJ: 4 fi fi fi f i
TOP: Mental Illness in the Twentieth Century fi fi fi fi fi fi
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma th
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at could last as long as 50 hours?
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a. Electroconvulsive therapy fi
b. Insulin therapy fi
c. Humoral therapy fi
, d. Amphetamine therapy fi
ANS: B fi
Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetami
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nes were used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for severe depression.
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Humoral therapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a belief that mental illness
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resulted from an imbalance of the humors of air, fire, water, and earth.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 8 OBJ: 5 fi fi fi f i
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies fi fi fi fi fi fi fi
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often us
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ed to treat? fi fi
a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolar disorder fi
c. Severe depression fi
d. Violent behavior fi
ANS: C fi
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this period,
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schizophrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with a lobotomy. I
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n 1949, lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 6 OBJ: 5 fi fi fi f i
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies fi fi fi fi fi fi fi
NssesRsmeI
KEY: Nursing Process Step: A f i nt GMSB
C:.C
ClienM
t Needs: Psychosocial Integrity fi fi fi f i f i fi fi
US N T fi fi fi O
8. In the early twentieth century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent be
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haviors. Which description of this procedure is accurate?
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a. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain
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b. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid
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c. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus
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d. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain
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ANS: C fi
A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed fro
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m the thalamus.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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REF: p. 6 OBJ: 5 fi fi fi f i
TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies fi fi fi fi fi fi fi
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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9. Which class of drugs was introduced in the 1930s for the treatment of depression?
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a. SSRIs
ANS: D fi
