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Marine biology exam #1 || with Errorless Solutions 100%.
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  • Course
  • Marine biology
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  • Marine Biology

What are the five oceans? correct answers Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Southern Ocean aka Antarctic Ocean Arctic Ocean What were the first real hypotheses in marine biology, developed by Forbes and Darwin?Can you describe one of them? Why are they considered true hypotheses? cor...

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  • December 15, 2024
  • 11
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • Marine biology
  • Marine biology

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Marine biology exam #1 || with Errorless Solutions 100%.
What are the five oceans? correct answers Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Southern Ocean aka Antarctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean

What were the first real hypotheses in marine biology, developed by Forbes and Darwin?Can
you describe one of them? Why are they considered true hypotheses? correct answers Forbes:
- azoic theory: that no life existed on sea floors deeper than 300 fathoms
Darwin:
- development of coral: coral reefs growth is a balance between the growth of corals upward and
the sinking of the ocean floor

true hypotheses because they are testable statements about the world of the sea

What expedition during the late 1800s began the modern era of oceanography? What famous
ocean feature was discovered and named after this expedition? What else did this expedition
accomplish? correct answers the Challenger led by C. Wyville Thomson and john murray

What geologic process is responsible for the earth's large scale features, including much
topography of the oceans? correct answers Plate tectonics:
- Continental shelf
- Continental slope and the shelf-slop break
- Deep-sea floor or the abyssal plains
- Oceanic ridge system

Trenches: continental slopes cause these
Continental and oceanic islands/ oceanic ridges: continental shelf

What are the two most famous marine stations in the United States? correct answers

During the 20th century a number of technological advances drove the development of
oceanography and marine biology. Can you name and describe the contributions of some of
these advances?(continued on reverse) correct answers

What are some defining characteristics of each ocean? correct answers Pacific Ocean: largest
ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Southern Ocean aka Antarctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean: smallest ocean

How do marginal seas generally differ in physical conditions from the open oceans? correct
answers Open oceans:

, - typically more constant temperature
- relatively consistent salinity
- deeper water

marginal seas:
- variable temperatures
- variable salinity
- shallower water depth
- high impact of local climate

From where do marine sediment in the deep-sea originate? correct answers - mineralized
plankton skeletons
- clay
- volcanic rocks
- precipitates (manganese nodules)

How do continental and oceanic islands differ geologically? correct answers Continental: are part
of an adjacent continent and are located on the continental shelf of that continent.
- Ex. Greenland

oceanic islands: not geologically connected to a continent built usually by volcanoes (oceanic rift
or hotspot)

What techniques are used to map the ocean floor? correct answers . Bathymetry - depth
("bathy-") measurement ("-metry")
2. Isobaths - same ("iso-") depth. Contour lines in the oceans (and inland waters)
3. Depth sounding - measuring depth (from Old English sund water, sea)
Usually in m or fathoms (2 yards = 6 feet)

How is sea surface temperature measured? correct answers satellite radiometers

What range of temperatures are common for SST? correct answers polar water: 0 degrees Celsius
tropical water: 25-35 degrees celsius

Where is SST most variable? Least variable? correct answers Tropics and poles: relatively
constant (open ocean most constant)
Temperate (mid latitudes), coastal areas, and marginal seas: most variable

What is salinity? correct answers Salinity: Total dissolved inorganic solids in water (g/kg, or ppt)

What elements are fairly constant in proportion? correct answers Na, Cl, Sr (Strontium)

Which element is/are most variable? correct answers Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus,
sulfur
- Vary because they are very biologically active/used

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