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Veterinary Nutrition Exam 1 questions with verified answers
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Veterinary Nutrition Exam 1 questions with verified answers
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Veterinary Nutrition Exam 1 questions with verifiedanswers
malnutrition Correct Answer--imbalance of nutrients
phases of life that require different nutritional needs Correct Answer--
growth, maintenance, reproduction, lactation
components of diets can have specific functions Correct Answer--growth,
body tissue maintenance, repair, health, support of life
3 classifications of nutrients Correct Answer--essential, conditionally
essential, nonessential
essential nutrients Correct Answer--can NOT be synthesized in adequate
amounts by the body, must be supplied in the diet (i.e. water, vitamin D
in dogs and cats, taurine in cats)
conditionally essential nutrients Correct Answer--nutrients not normally
essential in diet, but an underlying abnormality in an animal causes
dietary requirement (i.e. carnitine in cystinuric dogs, taurine in dogs)
nonessential nutrients Correct Answer--not required in diet, body
synthesizes enough (i.e. arachidonic acid in dogs, vitamin C in cats and
dogs)
,6 major categories of nutrients Correct Answer--water, fat, carbs (CHO),
protein, vitamins, minerals
water Correct Answer--the most important nutrient, NEVER restrict water
in a patient with increased water intake. average requirement:
30-90ml/kg/day
varies depending on diet, activity, environment, disease
moisture content of a dry diet Correct Answer--6-10% or 3-11%
moisture content of a semi-moist diet Correct Answer--23-40%
moisture content of a canned diet Correct Answer--68-78% or 60-87%
energetic "at water factor" for carbs Correct Answer--3.5-4.0 kcal/gm
carb contents of a diet is usually Correct Answer--greater than fat or
protein in most dog foods
digestible carbs Correct Answer--simple sugars (glucose), complex sugars
(starches), glycogen
fiber Correct Answer--complex category of nutrients, mammals lack
ability to digest fiber (do not produce cellulase); certain fibers function
as prebiotics
,soluble fibers Correct Answer--greater water holding capacity, may form
gels or viscous solutions in GI tract; forms gravy in canned foods (i.e.
pectins, guar gum, methylcellulose)
insoluble fibers Correct Answer--poor water holding capacity; influences
intestinal motility, confers form and bulk to stool (i.e. cellulose,
hemicellulose, lignin)
fermentation Correct Answer--GI bacteria conversion of fiber into simpler
compounds, such as SCFA (VFA)
three main types of SCFA Correct Answer--acetate, propionate, butyrate
what SCFA's do Correct Answer--supply ~70% of colonocyte energy, aid
in absorption of Na, Cl, water; bacteria produce biotin, vitamin K, CO2,
methane
butyrate Correct Answer--preferred fatty acid energy source for
enterocytes
as fermentation rate increases, Correct Answer--GI transit time and fecal
bulk decrease, fecal bile acid excretion increases
desirable products of bacterial fermentation Correct Answer--bacterial
biomass, SCFAs (acetate, butyrate, propionate)
, less desirable products of bacterial fermentation Correct Answer--gases
and other products (i.e. CO2, ammonia, phenols)
slowly fermentable fiber tends to be Correct Answer--insoluble
rapidly fermentable fiber tends to be Correct Answer--soluble
fat Correct Answer--concentrated energy source, more than carbs: 8.5-9.0
kcal/gm; improves palatability of the diet, provides essential fatty acids,
absorption of fat soluble vitamins
AAFCO recommended minimums for fats Correct Answer--K9 adult
maintenance= 5.5%
K9 growth/repro= 8.5%
FELINE growth/repro & adult maintenance= 9%
linoleic acid Correct Answer--essential fatty acid, omega 6, required in the
diets of both dogs and cats (sources: corn, safflower); AAFCO min:
K9 growth/repro=1.3%
K9 adult maintenance=1.1%
FELINE=0.6%
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