This document summarizes chapters 11, 12, and 14 of "The Mind's Machine" for a biopsychology class. It examines topics like attention/cognition, models of attention, easy and hard problems of consciousness, neural control, attention disorders, psychopathology, emotions, limbic system, aggression, a...
S . N ATTENTIN) NNN N ENDOGENOUS ATTENTION : Or
voluntary atth.
ATTENTION :
Selective awareness SELECTIVE DTTN :
is the process of voluntarily shifting atte. to
↳ MODELS OF ATTENTION
a state of perceptual receptivity by which :
a stimuli that is in accordance with our goals
specific stimuli are selected forehanced
processing shadowing
:
the process of repeating material that is being and interests . I .
.
e
studying for a test
Overt attention attention in which the focus Fed to you in one ear while a diff Stimuli being repeated symbolic cuing technique testing voluntary
:
.
is :
a
coincides with sensory orientation In the other ear, testing selective attention. participant
atth in which a is asked to respond
covert attention attention in which the focus Is
: Inattentional blindness : a failure to percieve unattended ASAP to a stimulus but each trial
,
is preceded by
Independent of sensory orientation stimuli while focusing on something else a hint that will allow one to predict where the
Attended into info that the brain deems relevant SELECTIVE MODELS (of
shadowing experiments stimulus will appear .
:
:
for a specific situation thatIt will pass to short EARLY-SELECTION MODELS participants do not detect :
EXOGENOUS ATTENTION : or reflexive attention
term memory to content changes or speech oddities in unattended stimuli toward
review refers to involuntary reorienting of atte .
↳
processed quickly and more LATE-SELECTION MODELS participants do detect halt :
accurately an unexpected stimulus .
or event
Unattended Info : info in the environment that of message and change in pitch of unattended stimuli. Peripheral spatial cuing :
a technique used for
to Divided attn tasks :
asked to process two which a visual
the brain does not
specifically divert attention .
a person is or
testing reflexive attention in
↳ limited
process slower/not at all and much less accurate ·
More simultaneous stimuli proving attention is a stimuli is preceded by a simple task Irrelevant
-
if stimuli are spatially separated
cocktail party effect selective enhacement
:
of commodity especially
,
sensory stimulus will appear either in the
attention that allows you to filter out distractors Attentional Spotlight
:
the metaphor that attracts location of the task or in an incorrect location .
i e
.
. focusing on someone at a cocktail
party as a spotlight ,
with the center of the beam being Inhibition of return : when interval between sue
Attentional bottleneck :
people have a limited the Focal point of our atth. and target is >200 millisecs . This evolved so
amount of attention resources at any given time perceptual load Immediate processing demands not focus stimuli
:
humans do on
unecessary
SUMMARY :
presented by a stimulus
, N SER
SPATIAL SEARCHING : NEURAL CONTROL : ATTN DISORDERS : .
CONJUNCTION SEARCH : a search Item defined
by ERP levent related potential) :
tracks quick regional ADHD (attention deficit hyperactive disorder) :
2 or more combined features changes in the brain , therefore It is a good tool for a syndrome characterized by distractability,
i . where's
e Waldo stripes glasses
:
that
tracking moment-to-moment attention impulsiveness and hyperactivity that in children ,
.
,
, ,
=> DORSAL FRONTOPARIETAL SYSTEM (DFS) (dorsal region may interfere with academic performance .
↳ It
serial search : atte ·
spotlight moves across a scene to ↳
responsible for conscious control of attention
(voluntary (
is
typically diagnosed in childhood (primary
Identify object of .
interest ↳ responsible for
endogenous control of "spotlight" school age)
↳ slower than feature search ↳
involves superior colliculus (IPS) and the frontal ↳
associated with reduced brain volume in
FFEEAATTURREESSEDARROIN: search item defined by a eye field frontal areas and lack neurotransmission .
single unique feature . VENTRAL TEMPOPARIETAL SYSTEM (VTS) (ventral region) -
a large stigma is associated with ADHD and
↳
i e
. a .
colorful Item amongst greyscale Items . responsible for reflexive control of attention . people believing that patients "are just not
· ↳
responsible for exogenous shift of attention to working hard enough ."
Parallel search whole scene :
is assessed at one time unexpected stimuli (involuntary ADD (attention deficit disorder) very similar
:
to
↳
singleton pops out to draw attention immediately
Le involves pulvinar and tempoparietal junction as well DDAD but just lacking hyperactivity.
↳
therefore much faster than conjunction search NEURAL DAMAGE less patients are seen with just ADD because
Balint's Syndrome :
caused by damage to Hemispatial neglect :
neural damage that causes neglect inattentiveness and hyperactivity tend to be
both parietal lobes . Patients suffer
ocularmotor apraxia and simultagnosid
,
optic ataxia ,
↓ of one half of the visual field . (most
neglect due to right parietal/frontal
simultagnosid profound restriction of
:
common is
lobe
attr ,
damage
L-spatial
usually associated
comorbidities
SUMMARY : w/ bilateral lesions and Balint's syndrome .
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