NRSG 4472 Midterm Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers
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Course
NRSG 4472
Institution
NRSG 4472
NRSG 4472 Midterm Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers
What is the most reliable and accurate estimate of glomerular filtration and kidney function?
a) Creatinine
b) Creatinine clearance
c) Blood urea nitrogen
d) Cystatin C - Answer-b
The hemoglobin and hematocrit levels can indicate i...
NRSG 4472 Midterm Exam
Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
What is the most reliable and accurate estimate of glomerular filtration and kidney
function?
a) Creatinine
b) Creatinine clearance
c) Blood urea nitrogen
d) Cystatin C - Answer-b
The hemoglobin and hematocrit levels can indicate increases or decreases in
intravascular fluid volume. If the hematocrit value is decreasing but the hemoglobin
concentration remains constant, what is the most likely cause?
a) Fluid volume deficit
b) Fluid volume overload
c) Red blood cell, anemia
d) Liver damage - Answer-b
The nurse is educating the patient on starting oral furosemide. Which of the following
statements signifies that the teaching was successful?
a) "I must count my pulse before taking the medication each morning."
b) "I need to rinse my mouth after taking this drug."
c) "I need to get up slowly from a sitting or lying position."
d) "I need to avoid eating cheese and red wine with this medication." - Answer-c
The patient in renal failure has experienced a severe hypotensive event, and the ratio of
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine is 15:1. The nurse is aware that this is an
example of what type of kidney injury?
a) Prerenal
b) Intrarenal
c) Postrenal
d) Chronic - Answer-a
The patient has a serum sodium level of 145 and potassium of 3.7. What is the
approximate serum osmolality?
a) 293.7 mOsm/L
The patient has a blood sugar level of 350 and an anion gap of 17. The nurse is aware
that this is indicative of which disorder?
a) Respiratory acidosis
b) Metabolic alkalosis
c) Respiratory alkalosis
d) Metabolic acidosis - Answer-d
Which of the following patient statements needs to be explored further regarding kidney
function? (Select all that apply.)
a) "These are the only shoes I could wear today."
b) "I had to use three pillows to sleep last night."
c) "I have this funny metallic taste in my mouth all the time."
d) "I have been drinking eight glasses of water each day."
e) "I have been taking ibuprofen twice a day for the past month." - Answer-a,b,c,e
A patient has a serum creatinine of 0.9 mg/dL at 7:00 this morning. The nurse on the
second shift, 12 hours later, notes that the serum creatinine is now 1.8 mg/dL and that
the patient's urine output for the previous 12 hours has been 35 mL/h. The patient
weighs 93 kg. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is suspected. Using the RIFLE acronym, this
patient's data represents what stage of acute kidney dysfunction?
a) Risk
b) Injury
c) Failure
d) Loss - Answer-b
What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the critically ill patient?
a) Heart failure
b) Shock
c) Respiratory failure
d) Sepsis - Answer-d
What is the most appropriate treatment for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI)?
a) Administration of the smallest dose of low contrast media possible, vigorous fluid
volume expansion, and avoidance of repeat contrast media injections within 48 hours
b) Stopping all nephrotoxic drugs, hydration with an intravenous infusion of fenoldopam,
and oral administration of oral N-acetylcysteine
c) Administration of oral N-acetylcysteine, intravenous sodium bicarbonate, and an
intravenous infusion of fenoldopam
d) Aggressive hydration with intravenous normal saline during and after the procedure
coupled with administration of intravenous sodium bicarbonate - Answer-a
What is the fluid resuscitation choice for the patient with a traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
, a) 4% albumin
b) 0.9% normal saline
c) 0.45% NaCl
d) Mannitol - Answer-b
Hypophosphatemia is characterized by what clinical findings?
a) Vomiting, spasticity, altered mentation
b) Anorexia, decreased platelet aggregation, postural hypotension
c) Nausea, hemolytic anemia, depressed white cell function
d) Diarrhea, cardiac dysrhythmias, deep bone pain - Answer-c
Which statement by a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) indicates an
understanding of the purpose of sevelamer (Renagel) with meals?
a) "I need this drug to prevent indigestion."
b) "I need this drug to keep my body from absorbing too much phosphorus from food."
c) "I need to take this drug to improve my thyroid function."
d) "I need to take this drug with meals to avoid constipation." - Answer-b
Which meal is the best choice for a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to eat for
lunch?
a) Tomato soup, grilled low-fat cheese sandwich, and diet soda
b) Tuna salad on lettuce with low-salt crackers and iced tea
c) Cheeseburger with french fries, a side salad, and a milkshake
d) Ham and cheese sandwich on whole-grain bread with pickle, potato chips, and milk -
Answer-b
A nurse is assessing a patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and notices that
the patient's left cheek is twitching, the patient's gums are bleeding, and the patient is
irritable. Which electrolyte disturbance should the nurse suspect the patient is
experiencing?
a) Hypernatremia
b) Hyperkalemia
c) Hypocalcemia
d) Hypermagnesemia - Answer-c
A patient is having an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with intravenous (IV)
contrast in the morning. Which instructions should be included in the teaching for this
procedure? (Select all that apply.)
a) The patient should report any allergies to shellfish.
b) The patient should drink several glasses of water after the procedure.
c) The patient should drink 3 glasses of water before the procedure.
d) The patient should be NPO (nothing by mouth) and have IV fluids discontinued
before the test.
e) The patient will have an IV started if one is not already in place before the procedure.
- Answer-a,b,e
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