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WCU PATHO FINAL QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS!!
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Endemic - ️️(adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic of or prevalent in a field Subclinical - ️️Stage of a disease or disorder not severe enough to produce symptoms that can be detected or diagnosed. Functions NORMALLY. What is an example of etiology? ...

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  • January 28, 2025
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  • 2024/2025
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WCU PATHO FINAL
Endemic - ✔️✔️(adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic
of or prevalent in a field

Subclinical - ✔️✔️Stage of a disease or disorder not severe enough to produce
symptoms that can be detected or diagnosed.

Functions NORMALLY.

What is an example of etiology? - ✔️✔️ETIOLOGY: Study of causes or reason of
disease.

1) Latrogenic: UNKNOWN
2) Idiopathic: UNINTENDED or UNWANTED

Allostasis - ✔️✔️The body's ability to maintain a STABLE physiological environment by
adjusting and CHANGING to meet internal and external demands.


TERITARY PREVENTION - ✔️✔️Ex: Counseling, Rehabilitation, Management
programs, Support groups.

Goal is prevent furthur damage and maximize quality of life.

SECONDARY PREVENTION - ✔️✔️Ex: Interventions, Recommending, Assisting with
finding work, Assisting with medication.

Goal is to slow or stop progress.

PRIMARY PREVENTION - ✔️✔️Ex: Education, Legistlation, Regular exams,
Vaccinations

Goal is to protect healthy people from developing disease.

LATENT VS. PRODROMAL - ✔️✔️1) LATENT:
Exposure --- First S/S
2) PRODROMAL:
First S/S --- Disease


What hormones secrete during stress response? - ✔️✔️1) Coritsol: breakdowns fat
and protein.

,2)ACTH:
3)Epinephrine:
Released by adrenal medullas.

Selyes three phases of stress - ✔️✔️1)Alarm
2)Resistance
3)Exhaustion

The sympathetic nervous system is mediated by - ✔️✔️NOREPINEPHRINE

What are the types of intracellular accumulations? - ✔️✔️1) Normal Intracellular
accumulation: Water, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, that accumulates in EXCESS.

2) Abnormal Intracellular accumulation:
-Exogenous: minerals or infectious agent product.
-Endogenous:
-abnormal synthesis or metabolism

Types of Cellular Adaptation - ✔️✔️1) Hyperplasia: INCREASE in the NUMBER of
cells.
-EX: A benign prostatic hypertrophy in middle aged men.

2) Hypertrophy: INCREASE in the SIZE of cells

3) Atrophy: REDUCTION in the SIZE of cells.
-EX: Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs when an extremity has been immobilized.

4) Metaplasia: CHANGES to the cells to adapt to new environments.

5) Anaplasia: LOSS of cellular differentiation.
-Indication of malignant tumors.

6) Dysplasia:Cell MATURATION and differentiation are delayed.
-Loss of uniformity of cells.
-Precursor to cancer
EX: Pap smear shows dysplasia cells of the cervix

7) Neoplasia: NEW or expended GROWTH in an area of the body.
EX: Benign neoplasm is uterine fibroid tumors.

8) Apoptosis: The genetic instructions provided DNA to command CELLULAR SELF-
DESTRUCTION

Types of Necrosis - ✔️✔️1) Coagulation: Low oxygen levels (blood clot)
-Lysomal changes
-Cyltosol congeals/coagulates

, -Stroma

2) Liquifaction: Bacterial infection.
-Neutrophils creats pus.
-Cause abcesses.

3) Caseous: A slow, progressive process that produces thick, cheesy pus.
-Tuberculosis

4) Fat: Inflammatory reaction with large number of WBC.
-Inflammatory disease of pancreas.

5) Gangrenous: Combination of coagulation and liquifcation.
-Dry, Wet, Gas

What are side effects of chemotherapy? - ✔️✔️1) Anemia
2)Nausea
3)Bleeding
4) Infection

Cancer Terminology: - ✔️✔️1) oma: tumor, mass, fluid collection
2) carcinoma: cancer tumor
3) sarcoma: connective tissue tumor

Grading vs. Staging - ✔️✔️1) Grading: Histologic characterization of tumor cells.
-Degree of anaplasia.

2) Staging: Location and patterns of spread within host
-Tumor size, extent of local growth, lymph node and organ involvement, distant
metatasis

What are deficits in immune system function in cancer? - ✔️✔️A) Chemotherapy
B) Cancer cells
C) Cancer metastasis to bone marrow
D) Malnutrition

What are the tumor marker functions? - ✔️✔️A) Normal cells
B) Cancer origin.
C) Identify progression of cancer.
D) Prostatic-specific antigen

Type of Hypersenseitivity - ✔️✔️1) IMMEDIATE
-Allergic reactions, mast cells dumping histamine granules.
-Ex: Hives, Urticaria, Asthma

2) CYTOXIC

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