Exam (elaborations)
NR507 Midterm Exam Study Guide-1;Advanced Pathophysiology (NR-507)
- Course
- NR-507
- Institution
- Chamberlain College Of Nursng
NR507 Midterm Exam Study Guide-1;Advanced Pathophysiology (NR-507)
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lOMoARcPSD|6353920NR507 Midterm Exam Study Guide-1
Advanced Pathophysiology (Chamberlain University)
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NR507 Midterm Exam Study Guide
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Major Content Topics:
Alterations in Immunity & Inflammation
Hypersensitivity
Immunodeficiency
Autoimmunity
Alterations in Hematologic Function
Anemia
Role of erythropoietin in RBC production
Primary site of RBC production
Anemia
Microcytic anemias
Macrocytic anemias
Normocytic anemias
Hemoglobinopathies
Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
Coronary artery disease
Definition: imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and supply from coronary arteries
Prolonged O2 demand on the heart leads to Myocardial Infraction
Cause: Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries with myocardial ischemia
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PATHO: LDL in blood overtime starts to stick to artery wall. It grows over time which limits the blood flow
to heart. As people do activity, sob and chest pain with activities. Goes away with rest.-stable angina
Unstable: plaque rupture: artery wall messed up, body sends clotÝng factors to artery to repair it and
forms a thrombus.
ACS: Thrombus keeps growing and growing which stops blood flow : unstable angina (chest pain
unrelieved by rest and nitroglycerin doesn’t relieve chest pain.
Once thrombus completes blocks blood flow= MI(heart muscle dies)
Non-modifiable: age(men > 45 y/o ; women > 55 y/o), family history
modifiable:: Elevated LDL(BAD) & Decreased HLD(Good), Hypertension, Diabetes, smoking
Present as Stable Angina, Prinzmetal Angia, Acute Coronary Syndrome(unstable angina, Non ST
elevation, MI, NSTEMI, STEMI Chronic Ischemia heart disease, sudden cardiac death)
Less common cause:
Coronary Embolus: A-Fib, Infective endocarditis, left atrial or ventricular thrombus, cardiac cath
Vasculitis(CAD in Children): * Kawasaki disease (medium vessel vasculitis cause coronary artery
aneurysm)
Vasospasm: reduce blood flow
Aortic Valve Stenosis: not enough blood to coronaries leading to myocardial ischemia
Causes of concentric ventricular hypertrophy: HTN, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy d/t more heart
muscle to supply
Stable(Plaque) Angina(hasn’t ruptured)
(Near -total occlusion w/ no infraction of b/c atherosclerotic plaque grows slowly gives heart to develop
**collateral circulationRerouting**)- that supplies the hyperperfused area
Secondary to Myocardial Ischemia(Reversible Cell Injury)
Atherosclerotic plaque occluding > 75% of coronary artery lumen
S/S chest pain with activity, sob, fatigue-goes away with rest
Infraction: Irreversible cell injury or death
Described as :
Deep poorly localized squeezing, crushing, suffocating, retrosternal pain(jaw, neck, arm)
Other symptoms: sob, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, fatigue, dizziness
*** Reproducible during: Physical exertion or Emotional Stress***
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