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PLCP 3012 (Robert Fatton) Midterm || with Complete Solutions.
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Technocratic Illusion correct answers poverty is able to be fixed through better technology such as fertilizer, antibiotics, etc. What is the benevolent autocrat? correct answers someone with unrestrained power yet good intentions When did the concept of development become popular? correct an...

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  • February 14, 2025
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PLCP 3012 (Robert Fatton) Midterm || with Complete
Solutions.
Technocratic Illusion correct answers poverty is able to be fixed through better technology such
as fertilizer, antibiotics, etc.

What is the benevolent autocrat? correct answers someone with unrestrained power yet good
intentions

When did the concept of development become popular? correct answers after WWII

What determines how a country's wealth is measured? correct answers GNI (Gross National
Income)

What is the GNI interval for a "poor" country? correct answers less than $1,025 GNI/capita

What is the GNI interval for a "semi-poor" country? correct answers $1,025-$3,995 GNI/capita

What is the GNI interval for a "semi-wealthy" country? correct answers $3,995-$12,000/capita

What is the GNI interval for a "wealthy" country? correct answers $12,000/capita plus

liberation theology correct answers development was a society where there would be a
preference to the poor, emphasized the redistribution of wealth

What are the Millennium Development Goals? correct answers 1. eradicate extreme poverty
2. achieve universal primary education
3. promote gender equality
4. reduce child mortality
5. combat HIV and AIDS
6. improve maternal health
7. ensure environmental sustainability
8. establish global partnerships for development (foreign aids programs)

How do we measure development? correct answers - according to the UN, development is
measured through economic growth AND social change
- social change (to the West) means democracy, liberalism, and individualism
- Human Development Index (HDI) = life expectancy, income, educational attainment, income
inequality

What is the difference between economic growth and development? correct answers According
to Pete and Hartwick, economic growth cannot be considered as development because economic
growth in a country can be very high, yet income inequality is not necessarily addressed. A
country's economy can be growing while much of its population is living in poverty.
* making a better life for EVERYONE*

,How do we measure economic growth? correct answers GNI per capita, GNP per capita

shadow economy correct answers illicit economic activity (such as black market transactions and
undeclared work) existing alongside a country's official economy.

Modernization Theory correct answers based on the modernization of ideas; societies became
modern due to rational thinking, science, and merit-based societies

According to Weber, how did societies make the move towards rational thinking? correct
answers religion, specifically Calvinism. Calvin had challenged the Catholic Church as the sole
interpreter of the Bible, bringing about a movement of individualism and individual
interpretation. Alongside this, the idea of predestination brought about the protestant work ethic.
The idea behind this was, if you spend your time working to better society (accumulation and
generation of wealth and reinvestment) then you were seen as good in the eyes of God.

Dependency Theory correct answers (influenced by Marx) Due to colonization, the 3rd World's
natural economic systems were interrupted by the presence of the imperialist powers. The West
grew to be so powerful due to the exploitation of the Global South, leaving the South depleated
of resources and economic independence. Once these powers left, the 3rd world was lost in a
sense as how to function without the imperial influence. The Global South's economic processes
are "conditioned" by the West

World Systems Theory correct answers (Immanuel Wallerstein) based on the exploitative nature
of the world economy. The world is divided into 3 parts: Core (West, imperialists, developed
world), Semi-Periphery (up and coming 2nd world), Periphery (3rd world). In order for the core
to flourish, they must extract resources from the peripheries. There are not enough resources for
everyone to be in the core.

Rostow's Linear Development correct answers traditional society --> take off --> drive to
modernity --> age of mass consumption

Blank Slate vs. learning from history correct answers does each country's past matter for its
future? does history constrain the expert's/technocrat's ability to draw up new solutions from
scratch?
- Blank Slate: views countries as malleable to new solutions, one solution could be applied to all
country's to boost development
- learning from history: must take historical factors into account in developing countries, each
country has a different culture and background. Could we learn from the West's history and
success of development?

What was the main cause of the 1980s Debt Crisis? correct answers the price of oil rose on the
world market, therefore 3rd world countries had to take out loans from the West in order to
purchase oil. The West charged massive interest (around 25% in some areas). Because the price
of oil was so high, Arab countries had massive amounts of surplus which they stored in Western

, banks to avoid their corrupted domestic banks. This allowed the West to hand out large loans
more easily, and the 3rd world bit off more than they could chew.

Structural Readjustment Programs correct answers overall policies that stimulate the economy
making it more laissez-faire with less social spending. policies include things such as: austerity
measures (reduced social spending), devaluation of currency, encouraging trade liberalization,
privatization of nationalized industries, removing subsidies and price control

captured state correct answers the efforts of a small number of elites aiming to benefit from the
illicit provision of private gains to public officials in order to profit from the working of
government

developmental/embedded state correct answers a state equipped with competent technocrats to
generate effective policies and to govern the bureaucracy. may still be corrupt, but effective.
state will invest in efficient industries to promote economic growth

How did the Asian Tigers develop so successfully? correct answers - pragmatic developmental
state that could effectively carry out policies (use of authoritarian development)
- * effective sequencing between protectionist and free trade policies
- * TONS of U.S. foreign aid due to Cold War competition
- investment in human capital, technology, and research
- land redistribution (giving land to peasants, peasants are appreciative and now own land and are
able to invest in it and produce)
- cultural homogeneity
- access to developed market

Who were the "Asian Tigers"? correct answers South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong

Why are the Asian Tigers an exceptional case? correct answers because other countries may
not...
- be culturally homogeneous
- have enough foreign aid
- have access to developed markets
- have an effective government

What is a large concern with authoritarian development? correct answers while it may be
effective, will it encroach on people's rights?

What is an issue with using technology to solve poverty? correct answers the use of technology
usually leads to higher inequality

Inclusive vs. Extractive Economic Institutions correct answers inclusive: extract from minority,
give to majority

extractive: extract from majority, give to minority

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