FAU Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions With Complete
Solutions
3 Types of Atherosclerosis Lesions Correct Answers 1. Fatty
Streak (thin, flat, yellow, progressively enlarge by becoming
thicker and elevated.
-Present in children in 1st year of life
-Increase in number throughout life until age 20
2. Fibrous Atheromatous Plaque (Gray, pearly white,
accumulation of intracellular and extracellular lipids
-Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells
-Formation of scar tissue
3. Complicated Lesion (contains hemorrhage, ulcerations, scar
tissue deposits)
4 Categories of Hypertension Correct Answers 1. Primary
Hypertension (Essential)
2. Secondary Hypertension (Kidney Disease)
3. Malignant Hypertension
4. Systolic Hypertension
Acetylcholine (Ach) Correct Answers Action:
Can be excitatory or inhibitory, depending on the area of the
brain
Important role in learning and memory
Brain Region:
Formed in many synapses. Highly concentrated in basal ganglia
and motor cortex
Extends from limbic system to cortex
,Derived from choline
Effects:
Decreased levels = Alzheimer Disease
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS/CAD) Correct Answers
Represents a spectrum of acute ischemic heart diseases
Unstable angina to Myocardial infarction
-Results from disruption of atherosclerotic plaque
(Plaque, platelets, thrombus)
Includes:
-UA/NSTEMI
-STEMI
Abrupt onset
severe crushing pain (substernal radiating to left arm, neck or
jaw)
GI complaints (Nausea/Vomiting)
Fatigue and Weakness
Tachycardia
Anxiety
Restlessness
Feel impending doom
Pale, cool, moist skin
Alzheimer's Disease Correct Answers Type of dementia
accounting for 60%-80% of all cases of dementia
Approx. 50% of people 85 or older live with Alzheimers
Pathophysiology:
,Neuropathologic and neurotransmitter changes, characterized by
cortical atrophy and loss of neurons particularly in parietal and
temporal lobes
Neuritic (Senile) Plaques:
Patches or flat areas composed of clusters of degenerating nerve
terminals arranged around a central amyloid core
Neurofibrillary Tangles:
Fibrous proteins that are wound around each other in a helical
fashion and found in cytoplasm of abnormal neurons
Amyloid angiopathy:
Known as congophilic angiopathy is a form of angiopathy in
which amyloid deposits form in the walls of the blood vessels of
the central nervous system and is a major contributor to the
development of Alzheimer disease
Alzheimer's Disease Risks Correct Answers Age
Head trauma
Inflammatory Factors
Oxidative Stress
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE) Correct
Answers Increasingly used as the initial medication in mild-
moderate hypertension
Contraindicated in Renal artery stenosis and african americans
Decreases Angiotensin II reducing vasoconstriction, aldosterone
levels =increase in potassium, intrarenal blood flow, glomerular
filtration rate
Inhibits degradation of bradykinin
, Stimulates the synthesis of vasodilating prostaglandins
Angle Closure Glaucoma (Narrow-Angle) Correct Answers
Occlusion of anterior chamber angle by the iris
-Sudden increase in pressure usually after prolonged periods in
dark, emotional upset, or any condition causing prolonged
dilation of pupil
*Atropine causes this*
Anterior Blepharitis Correct Answers Eyelid skin
eyelashes
associated glands
2 Types:
1. Inflammatory (seborrhea)
2. Infectious (Staph)
Symtoms:
-Irritation
-Burning
-Redness
-Itching of the eyelid margins
-Hordoleum (sty)
Treatment:
-Careful cleaning to remove scales
-Antibiotic
Anterior Cerebral Stroke Correct Answers Frontal Lobe
-Paralysis of contralateral (Opposite side) foot or leg
-Impaired gate
-Aphasia
Solutions
3 Types of Atherosclerosis Lesions Correct Answers 1. Fatty
Streak (thin, flat, yellow, progressively enlarge by becoming
thicker and elevated.
-Present in children in 1st year of life
-Increase in number throughout life until age 20
2. Fibrous Atheromatous Plaque (Gray, pearly white,
accumulation of intracellular and extracellular lipids
-Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells
-Formation of scar tissue
3. Complicated Lesion (contains hemorrhage, ulcerations, scar
tissue deposits)
4 Categories of Hypertension Correct Answers 1. Primary
Hypertension (Essential)
2. Secondary Hypertension (Kidney Disease)
3. Malignant Hypertension
4. Systolic Hypertension
Acetylcholine (Ach) Correct Answers Action:
Can be excitatory or inhibitory, depending on the area of the
brain
Important role in learning and memory
Brain Region:
Formed in many synapses. Highly concentrated in basal ganglia
and motor cortex
Extends from limbic system to cortex
,Derived from choline
Effects:
Decreased levels = Alzheimer Disease
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS/CAD) Correct Answers
Represents a spectrum of acute ischemic heart diseases
Unstable angina to Myocardial infarction
-Results from disruption of atherosclerotic plaque
(Plaque, platelets, thrombus)
Includes:
-UA/NSTEMI
-STEMI
Abrupt onset
severe crushing pain (substernal radiating to left arm, neck or
jaw)
GI complaints (Nausea/Vomiting)
Fatigue and Weakness
Tachycardia
Anxiety
Restlessness
Feel impending doom
Pale, cool, moist skin
Alzheimer's Disease Correct Answers Type of dementia
accounting for 60%-80% of all cases of dementia
Approx. 50% of people 85 or older live with Alzheimers
Pathophysiology:
,Neuropathologic and neurotransmitter changes, characterized by
cortical atrophy and loss of neurons particularly in parietal and
temporal lobes
Neuritic (Senile) Plaques:
Patches or flat areas composed of clusters of degenerating nerve
terminals arranged around a central amyloid core
Neurofibrillary Tangles:
Fibrous proteins that are wound around each other in a helical
fashion and found in cytoplasm of abnormal neurons
Amyloid angiopathy:
Known as congophilic angiopathy is a form of angiopathy in
which amyloid deposits form in the walls of the blood vessels of
the central nervous system and is a major contributor to the
development of Alzheimer disease
Alzheimer's Disease Risks Correct Answers Age
Head trauma
Inflammatory Factors
Oxidative Stress
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE) Correct
Answers Increasingly used as the initial medication in mild-
moderate hypertension
Contraindicated in Renal artery stenosis and african americans
Decreases Angiotensin II reducing vasoconstriction, aldosterone
levels =increase in potassium, intrarenal blood flow, glomerular
filtration rate
Inhibits degradation of bradykinin
, Stimulates the synthesis of vasodilating prostaglandins
Angle Closure Glaucoma (Narrow-Angle) Correct Answers
Occlusion of anterior chamber angle by the iris
-Sudden increase in pressure usually after prolonged periods in
dark, emotional upset, or any condition causing prolonged
dilation of pupil
*Atropine causes this*
Anterior Blepharitis Correct Answers Eyelid skin
eyelashes
associated glands
2 Types:
1. Inflammatory (seborrhea)
2. Infectious (Staph)
Symtoms:
-Irritation
-Burning
-Redness
-Itching of the eyelid margins
-Hordoleum (sty)
Treatment:
-Careful cleaning to remove scales
-Antibiotic
Anterior Cerebral Stroke Correct Answers Frontal Lobe
-Paralysis of contralateral (Opposite side) foot or leg
-Impaired gate
-Aphasia
