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PSYCH 226 Final Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)
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PSYCH 226 Final Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) In the scientific method, a prediction is evaluated by ____. a. making systematic, planned observations b. determining the hypothesis of best fit c. logically evaluating the implications d. using it to explain established phenomen...

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  • February 20, 2025
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PSYCH 226 Final Exam



In the scientific method, a prediction is evaluated by ____.

a. making systematic, planned observations
b. determining the hypothesis of best fit
c. logically evaluating the implications
d. using it to explain established phenomena

What kind of reasoning uses a general statement to make conclusions about specific
examples?

a. inductive
b. deductive
c. scientific
d. predictive

An explanation is empirical if it is based on ____.

a. widely held beliefs
b. logical deductions
c. evidence of the senses
d. respect for the source

When your doctor uses a stethoscope to listen to your heart, the doctor is gathering
information by using the ____.

a. method of authority
b. rational method
c. empirical method
d. method of intuition

A distinction between science and pseudoscience is that ____.

a. science focuses on the theoretical, not the practical
b. science is based on hypotheses that are testable and refutable
c. science examines a topic that has never been investigated
d. science aims to make definite conclusions about a topic

What is a potential problem with the method of authority?

,a. A person may claim to be an expert when he or she really is not.
b. An "expert" answer may be only a personal, subjective opinion.
c. An expert may be giving answers outside his or her area of expertise.
d. The other three choices are all potential problems.

A student who believes that his or her performance on tests is influenced by wearing a
lucky hat is using the method of ____.

a. empiricism
b. faith
c. tenacity
d. authority

The third step of the scientific method uses a general hypothesis to develop a testable
predication. This step involves the use of ____.

a. induction
b. deduction
c. analysis
d. synthesis

Which of the following statements accurately describes the scientific method?

a. It involves hypotheses rather than predictions.
b. It relies solely on deductive reasoning.
c. It is a circular process that leads to a tentative answer.
d. It effectively combines intuition with empirical data.

What kind of reasoning uses a few specific observations to produce a statement about a
larger possible set of observations?

a. inductive
b. deductive
c. scientific
d. predictive

Looking up your local weather report online is an example of using the ____.

a. empirical method
b. rational method
c. method of authority
d. scientific method

Using a sports star to sell clothing in a television commercial relies upon which
nonscientific method of acquiring knowledge?

,a. the method of tenacity
b. the method of authority
c. the empirical method
d. the rational method

Using observations of a small number of humans to make a statement about human
behavior in general is an example of ____ reasoning.

a. inductive
b. deductive
c. practical
d. predictive

A hypothesis is a ____ statement and a prediction is a ____ statement.

a. specific; general
b. specific; specific
c. general; specific
d. general; general

Kenji believes that food poisoning causes food aversions, so when he finds out that his
friend Brielle hates seafood, he assumes that Brielle must have had food poisoning after
eating seafood sometime in her past. Kenji is using the ____.

a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of tenacity
d. scientific method

An artist tries putting a freshly painted canvas outside during a rainstorm to see how the
painting will change from the pattern of the raindrops. Which method of acquiring
knowledge is she using?

a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of authority
d. scientific method

When you "know" that you do not want to eat chocolate-covered crickets, even when
everyone around you says that they taste great, your decision is based on the method
of ____.

a. empiricism
b. faith
c. tenacity
d. authority

, A limitation of using the rational method is that ____.

a. there is no method for correcting erroneous ideas
b. there is no way to separate accurate from inaccurate knowledge
c. people often accept an expert's statement without question
d. people are generally not very good at reasoning

A person who buys a lottery ticket because s/he just feels lucky is using the method of
____.

a. empiricism
b. faith
c. tenacity
d. intuition

The mode of inquiry that is called the method of faith is a variant of which other method
of inquiry?

a. empiricism
b. rationalism
c. the method of authority
d. the scientific method

A researcher conducts a study in which 50 college students are assigned to different
treatments and tested. In the study, the students are called ____.

a. associates
b. cohorts
c. participants
d. subjects

A limitation of using the method of empiricism is that ____.

a. people are generally not very good at reasoning
b. while perception is typically accurate, sensation is not
c. the process can be time consuming and often risky
d. there is no mechanism for validating conclusions

A researcher conducts a study in which 50 rats are assigned to different treatments and
tested. In the study, the rats are called research ____.

a. associates
b. cohorts
c. participants
d. subjects

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