Chapter 8 & 9 Test 1 Study Guide Exam With Advanced Answers.

Which of the following is the first compensatory spinal curvature to develop in the young child? Thoracic Cervical Sacral Lumbar - correct answer Cervical The joints between articular processes of vertebra are termed _____ joints. zygapophyseal fibrous intervertebral synarthrodial - correct answer zygapophyseal Which of the following statements is true for a typical adult vertebra? The transverse processes extend laterally from the junction of the pedicles and laminae. The transverse processes are present only on thoracic vertebrae containing rib connections. The spinous process extends posteriorly from the body of the vertebra. All of the above are true statements. - correct answer The transverse processes extend laterally from the junction of the pedicles and laminae. The most prominent aspect of the thyroid cartilage corresponds to the vertebral level of: C5. C1-2. C6-7. C7-T1. - correct answer C5. The zygapophyseal joints for the thoracic spine lie at an angle of ____ in relation to the midsagittal plane. 45° 60° 70° to 75° 90° - correct answer 70° to 75° Which of the following pathologic conditions is defined as "a condition of the spine characterized by rigidity of a vertebral joint"? Spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis Spondylosis Scheuermann disease - correct answer Spondylosis Which factor is most important to open up the intervertebral joint spaces for a lateral thoracic spine projection? Use sufficiently high kV. Collimate the spine region to reduce scatter. Keep the vertebral column parallel to the tabletop. Angle the central ray (CR) 5° to 10° caudad. - correct answer Keep the vertebral column parallel to the tabletop. Why are the anterior oblique projections (right anterior oblique [RAO]/left anterior oblique [LAO]) preferred over the posterior oblique projections of the cervical spine? To make the patient more comfortable To reduce the thyroid dose To prevent overlap of the mandible over the spine To place the zygapophyseal joints closer to the image receptor - correct answer To reduce the thyroid dose Which of the following positions will demonstrate the left intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine? RAO Left posterior oblique (LPO) Lateral LAO - correct answer LAO Which of the following factors does not apply to a lateral projection of the cervical spine? Use a 72-inch (183-cm) SID. Suspend respiration upon full inspiration prior to exposure. Perform horizontal beam lateral projection if trauma is suspected. Center CR to thyroid cartilage. - correct answer Suspend respiration upon full inspiration prior to exposure. The chin is extended for a lateral projection of the cervical spine to: open up the C1-2 joint space. demonstrate the articular pillars. open up the intervertebral joint space. prevent superimposition of the mandible upon the spine. - correct answer prevent superimposition of the mandible upon the spine. The AP axial-vertebral arch projection may be performed to better demonstrate the: C1 and C1-2 atlantoaxial joint spaces. vertebral arch (articular pillars) of C4-7. open intervertebral disk spaces of C3-T1. dens within the foramen magnum. - correct answer vertebral arch (articular pillars) of C4-7. What type of CR angle is recommended when performing the AP axial C-spine projection erect? 15° cephalad 20° cephalad 15° caudad 25° cephalad - correct answer 20° cephalad A patient comes to the radiology department for a cervical spine routine. The study is ordered for nontraumatic reasons. The AP open-mouth projection reveals that the base of the skull and upper incisors are superimposed, but they are obscuring the upper portion of the dens. On the repeat exposure, what should the technologist do to demonstrate the upper portion of the dens? Increase the flexion of the skull. Increase the extension of the skull. Perform the Fuchs or Judd method. Perform the AP chewing projection. - correct answer Perform the Fuchs or Judd method. A patient enters the emergency department (ED) because of a motor vehicle accident (MVA). The patient is on a backboard and wearing a cervical collar. The technologist is concerned about the artifacts that the collar will project on the spine during the horizontal beam lateral projection. What should the technologist do in this situation? Leave the collar on during the exposure. Remove the cervical collar but be careful not to move the patient's head. Ask the patient to remove the collar herself (for liability reasons).