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Microbiology 2116 Practice Exam Questions And Answers Rated A+.
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Which of the following is true in a host-to-host epidemic? a) Incidence of disease rises quickly, and declines equally quickly b) Incidence of disease rises slowly, and declines equally slowly c) Incidence of disease is stable among a susceptible population d) Incidence of disease is difficult ...

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  • March 11, 2025
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Microbiology 2116 Practice Exam
Questions And Answers Rated A+.
Which of the following is true in a host-to-host epidemic?

a) Incidence of disease rises quickly, and declines equally quickly

b) Incidence of disease rises slowly, and declines equally slowly

c) Incidence of disease is stable among a susceptible population

d) Incidence of disease is difficult to calculate since you have multiple modes of transmission -
Answer b) Incidence of disease rises slowly, and declines equally slowly



What are Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase?

a) Anti-viral antibiotics

b) Enzymes that replicate viral RNA

c) Emergent diseases in Australia

d) Surface proteins on Influenza - Answer b) Enzymes that replicate viral RNA



Which of the following factors are considered when evaluating a disease outbreak?

a) Age

b) Sex

c) Activities

d) All of the above - Answer d) All of the above



Which of the following practices contributes to the appearance of new or reemerging diseases
in the world?

a) Increased urbanization

b) Air travel

c) Mutated microorganisms

d) All of the above - Answer d) All of the above



Who is considered the father of epidemiology?

a) Jenner

,Which of the following terms best describes a disease that is always observed at low incidence
within a population?

a) Epidemic

b) Pandemic

c) Endemic

d) Emergent - Answer c) Endemic



Antigenic shift results in the formation of a new influenza strain through the combination of two
different influenza strains infecting the same host.

a) True

b) False - Answer a) True



One example of an emergent disease in Canada is Lyme Disease.

a) True

b) False - Answer a) True



Which of the following best defines incidence of disease ?

a) The number of new cases in a specified time

b) The total number of cases in a population

c) The percent of individuals that succumb to infection

d) The percent of the population that is infected - Answer a) The number of new cases in a
specified time



Bacillus anthracis is a particular concern for bioterrorism since it because they have the
potential to be easily transmissible since they form endospores.

a) True

b) False - Answer a) True



Which of the following is the correct definition for incidence of disease?

a) The proportion of sick individuals in a population at a particular time.

b) The number of new individuals infected by a single sick individual.

c) The proportion of a population that is susceptible to a particular disease.

,a) A wet spring causes an increase in mosquito numbers, resulting in an outbreak of a mosquito-
borne disease.

b) A leaky septic system contaminates well water with human waste, resulting in an outbreak of
an intestinal disease.

c) A child infected with chickenpox goes to school and infects many of his classmates, who then
infect other children.

d) A large number of new, unexplained illnesses are eventually shown to be caused by the same
infectious agent. - Answer b) A leaky septic system contaminates well water with human
waste, resulting in an outbreak of an intestinal disease.



Which of the following is an example of a host-to-host epidemic?

a) Severe summer storms cause a run-off of pathogen-contaminated waste into a reservoir.

b) A leaky septic system contaminates well water with human waste, resulting in an outbreak of
an intestinal disease.

c) A child infected with chickenpox goes to school and infects many of his classmates, who then
infect other children.

d) A large number of new, unexplained illnesses are eventually shown to be caused by the same
infectious agent. - Answer c) A child infected with chickenpox goes to school and infects many
of his classmates, who then infect other children.



In a particular epidemic, there is an immediate steep rise in the number of cases. Finally, the
number of cases begins to decline, with the final few cases occurring approximately one
incubation period from the time of the peak number of cases. Based on this information, this
epidemic is probably:

a) a common source epidemic.

b) a host-to-host epidemic.

c) caused by a pathogen using the respiratory route of transmission.

d) caused by a pathogen that spreads very rapidly from person-to-person. - Answer a) a
common source epidemic.



An epidemic of a particular disease is most likely when:

a) most individuals in a population are immune to the pathogen.

b) few individuals in a population are immune to the pathogen.

c) the pathogen causing the disease has a very low epidemic threshold.

d) the previous epidemic of this disease occurred relatively recently. - Answer b) few
individuals in a population are immune to the pathogen.

, a) day 1.

b) day 30.

c) day 70. - Answer c) day 70.



In a successful vaccination program intended to prevent an epidemic of a particular pathogen:

a) immunity will be maintained above epidemic threshold.

b) immunity will be maintained below epidemic threshold.

c) immunity will be maintained precisely at threshold. - Answer a) immunity will be
maintained above epidemic threshold.



Hemagglutinin:



a) is an enzyme found in the influenza viral envelope, which is crucial in allowing newly
assembled viral particles to leave a host cell.

b) allows the virus to transcribe its negative-strand RNA into positive-strand RNA.

c) is a viral protein necessary for proper assembly of new viral particles in an infected host cell.

d) is an influenza envelope glycoprotein, which binds to the surface of host cells. - Answer d) is
an influenza envelope glycoprotein, which binds to the surface of host cells.



The lack of proofreading ability in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase:

a) Is an important reason why influenza virus is subject to high levels of antigenic drift.

b) is an important reason why influenza virus is subject to high levels of antigenic shift.

c) allows influenza virus to recombine its genome segments in new combinations.

d) explains how an influenza H1N1 virus can suddenly give rise to an H1N2 strain. - Answer a)
Is an important reason why influenza virus is subject to high levels of antigenic drift.



If an individual is infected with influenza strain H7N7, in the future she will be most resistant to:

a) H7N7.

b) H8N8.

c) H7N8.

d) H8N7. - Answer a) H7N7.

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