• 2025/2026 BIOS 255 Anatomy and Physiology III Review | Guaranteed Correct Answers

1. Case Study: A 40-year-old male presents with a history of
morning headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria. His lab results
show elevated cortisol levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Addison’s disease
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Acromegaly
Answer: B. Cushing’s syndrome
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome, caused by excessive cortisol
production, often presents with symptoms like morning
headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria.

2. Case Study: A 30-year-old male complains of increased thirst,
frequent urination, and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal high blood
glucose levels.
Question: Which organ is most responsible for regulating the
patient’s blood glucose levels?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidneys
D. Heart
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which is responsible for
regulating blood glucose levels. In this patient, a lack of insulin or
insulin resistance could explain the symptoms of high blood
glucose.

3. Case Study: A 50-year-old male complains of frequent urination,
nocturia, and difficulty starting urination. Digital rectal
examination reveals an enlarged prostate.

,Question: What is the most likely cause of this patient’s
symptoms?
A. Prostate cancer
B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
C. Urinary tract infection
D. Bladder cancer
Answer: B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Rationale: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is common in older males
and causes urinary symptoms due to the enlarged prostate
obstructing the urethra.

4. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with abdominal pain,
bloating, and diarrhea. He has a family history of colon cancer.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
C. Colon cancer
D. Lactose intolerance
Answer: B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Rationale: Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease
and ulcerative colitis, presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and
bloating, and it has a strong genetic component.

5. Case Study: A 55-year-old male presents with severe, burning
chest pain after eating, particularly when lying down. He has a
history of acid reflux.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Peptic ulcer disease
B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
C. Heartburn
D. Angina pectoris
Answer: B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Rationale: GERD is commonly associated with heartburn and

, burning chest pain, especially after eating or when lying down.

6. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
hypertension and diabetes.

7. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with severe, sudden
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, nausea, and vomiting.
His serum amylase and lipase are elevated.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Gallbladder disease
C. Peptic ulcer disease
D. Appendicitis
Answer: A. Acute pancreatitis
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis typically presents with severe
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, along with elevated
amylase and lipase levels.

8. Case Study: A 22-year-old female presents with frequent
urination, especially at night, and a sense of urgency to urinate.
She also reports pain during urination.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Urinary tract infection (UTI)